Perennials; hirsute throughout or glabrous proximally. Rhizomes (tuberous at stem base), subglobose, (lobed or not), (3–) 4–10 mm diam., (fleshy). Stems erect, unbranched, (0.7–) 1–2.5 (–3) dm, sparsely to densely hirsute, or glabrous basally, (trichomes (0.2–) 0.3–0.6 (–0.8) mm). Rhizomal leaves simple, (3–) 5–15 (–18) cm; petiole (2–) 4–12 (–16) cm; blade often orbicular to cordate, sometimes reniform or ovate, (1–) 2–6 cm × (7–) 17–50 mm, base obtuse to cordate, margins repand or entire. Cauline leaves 3–6 (–8), simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle) shortly petiolate or (distal) sessile, base not auriculate; blade oblong to ovate or lanceolate, 2–5 cm × 5–25 mm, margins entire, repand, or coarsely dentate. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate, (10–) 15–35 (–50) mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous. Flowers: sepals oblong, 2.5–4 (–6) × 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (surfaces often hirsute); petals usually rose-purple to pink, rarely white, obovate, (7–) 8–13 (–15) × 3–5 mm, (short-clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 4–7 mm, lateral pair 2–4 mm; anthers oblong, 1.3–1.7 mm. Fruits linear, (1.5–) 2–4 cm × 1.5–2 mm; ovules 10–16 per ovary; style 2–5 mm. Seeds brown, oblong to ovoid, 1.7–2.5 × 1–5 mm. 2n = 56, 64, 96, 112, 144.

Phenology: Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat: Rich woods, bluffs, mesic bottomland forests, rocky hillsides, floodplains, seepage of bogs, springy areas
Elevation: 50-400 m

Distribution

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Ont., Ala., Conn., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

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