familyOphioglossaceae
genusBotrychium
subgenusBotrychium subg. Sceptridium
sectionBotrychium sect. Sceptridium
speciesBotrychium multifidum

Botrychium multifidum

(S. G. Gmelin) Ruprecht

Bemerk. Botrychium 40. 1859.

Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner
Common names: Leather grapefern botryche à feuille couchée
Basionym: Osmunda multifida S.G. Gmelin Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 12: 517. 1768
Synonyms: Botrychium californicum L.Underwood Botrychium coulteri L.Underwood Botrychium silaifolium C.Presl
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: John Myers

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Trophophore stalk 2–15 cm, 0.3–1.2 times length of trophophore rachis; blade shiny green, plane, ternate, 2–3-pinnate, to 25 × 35 cm, leathery. Pinnae to 10 pairs, approximate to remote, horizontal to ascending, distance between 1st and 2d pinnae not or slightly more than between 2d and 3d pairs, divided to tip. Pinnules obliquely ovate, rounded, margins usually ± entire to shallowly crenulate, sometimes inconspicuously and shallowly denticulate, apex rounded, venation pinnate. Sporophores 2–3-pinnate, 1.2 times length of trophophore. 2n =90.


Phenology: Leaves green over winter, appearing in spring.
Habitat: Widespread mainly in fields
Elevation: 0–3000 m

Distribution

V2 727-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask., Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Europe, nw Asia

Discussion

Botrychium multifidum is rather similar to B. robustum (Ruprecht) L.Underwood of Japan, eastern China, and the former Soviet republics. Specimens identified as B. robustum have been collected on Unalaska Island.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Botrychium multifidum"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
90 +
Apex architecture or shape
pinnate +
Apex shape
rounded +
Author
Warren H. Wagner Jr. +  and Florence S. Wagner +
Authority
(S. G. Gmelin) Ruprecht +
Basionyms
Osmunda multifida +
Between pinnae pinna arrangement
Approximate (Remote) +
Between pinnae pinna orientation
horizontal +  and ascending +
Between pinnae pinna quantity
0 (10) +
Between pinnae pinna shape
divided +
Blade architecture
ternate +
Blade architecture or shape
2-3-pinnate +
Blade coloration
green +
Blade length
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
Blade presence
absent +
Blade quantity
1 +
Blade reflectance
shiny +
Blade shape
plane +
Blade texture
leathery +
Blade width
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
Common name
Leather grapefern +  and botryche à feuille couchée +
Distribution
Greenland +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Europe +  and nw Asia +
Elevation
0–3000 m +
Gametophyte architecture
unbranched +
Gametophyte coloration
not green +
Gametophyte length
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Gametophyte location
subterranean +
Gametophyte shape
ovate +
Gametophyte structure in adjective form
mycorrhizal +
Gametophyte texture
fleshy +
Gametophyte width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Gemma presence
absent +
Gemma shape
Spheric (?) +
Gemma size
minute +
Ground position relational
level +
Ground presence
absent +
Habitat
Widespread mainly in fields +
Hair architecture or arrangement
uniseriate +
Hair arrangement
scattered +
Hair length or size
long +
Hair some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Idioblast quantity
lacking +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
John Myers +
Indument presence
absent +
Indument quantity
of widely scattered , long , uniseriate hairs +
Lateral branch quantity
few +
Lateral branch size or width
narrow +
Leaf-base architecture
open +
Leaf-base architecture or fixation
clasping +
Leaf-base fusion
fused +
Leaf-base shape
dilated +
Leaf atypical quantity
1 (2) +
Leaf primordium development
successive +
Leaf primordium position relational
surrounding +
Leaf primordium pubescence
hairy +
Leaf quantity
1 (?) +
Leaf reproduction
fertile +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin shape
denticulate;less entire;shallowly crenulate +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Phenology
Leaves green over winter, appearing in spring. +
Pinna division size
reduced +
Pinna orientation
spreading;ascending +
Pinna shape
Fan-shaped (?) +  and Lanceolate (?) +
Pinnule shape
rounded +  and ovate +
Plants perennial habitat
epiphytic +  and terrestrial +
Portion architecture
spore-bearing +  and laminate +
Portion nutrition
photosynthetic +
Portion reproduction
sterile +
Primordium pubescence
with long , uniseriate hairs +  and glabrous +
Publication title
Bemerk. Botrychium +
Publication year
1859 +
Rachis shape
flattened +
Rachis texture
not fleshy +
Rachis width
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
Reference
None +
Ridge pubescence or texture
corky +
Root architecture
branching +
Root architecture or pubescence or relief
with corky ridges +  and smooth +
Root coloration
blackish +
Root diameter
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Root hair quantity
lacking +
Root location
1 +
Root quantity
10 +
Root reproduction
not proliferous +
Row quantity
2 +
Sheath condition
closed +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V2/V2 727.xml +
Species architecture
branched +
Species quantity
1 +
Sporangium architecture
sessile +  and short-stalked +
Sporangium arrangement
Cluster (?) +
Sporangium diameter
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Sporangium position relational
embedded +
Sporangium prominence
exposed +
Spore architecture
thick-walled +  and trilete +
Spore quantity
1 +
Sporophore architecture
long-stalked +
Sporophore architecture or shape
2-3-pinnate +
Sporophore branch architecture or shape
pinnate +
Sporophore branch quantity
2 +
Sporophore height
high +
Sporophore length
1.2 times length of trophophore +
Sporophore life cycle
falling +
Sporophore orientation
arising +
Sporophore position relational
level +
Sporophore quantity
represented by hairy rudiment +
Sporophore structure in adjective form
sporangial +
Stalk quantity
common +
Stalk shape
flattened +
Stalk texture
not fleshy +
Stalk width
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
Stem architecture
unbranched +  and simple +
Stem orientation
upright +
Stem thickness
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Surface architecture or shape
baculate +
Surface arrangement
network +
Surface fragility
delicate +
Surface fusion
joined +
Surface pubescence or relief
warty +
Surface relief
tuberculate +  and rugate +
Synonyms
Botrychium californicum +, Botrychium coulteri +  and Botrychium silaifolium +
Taxon family
Ophioglossaceae +
Taxon name
Botrychium multifidum +
Taxon parent
Botrychium sect. Sceptridium +
Taxon rank
species +
Tissue architecture
vascular +
Trophophore architecture
long-stalked +
Trophophore blade architecture
Compound (Simple) +
Trophophore blade presence
absent +
Trophophore orientation
arising +  and erect +
Trophophore stalk length
0.3-1.2 times length of trophophore rachis +
Trophophore stalk some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Vein architecture
anastomosing +
Vein arrangement
arranged +
Vein fusion
free +
Vein shape
pinnate +  and fan +
Volume
Volume 2 +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
terrestrial +
X chromosome quantity
45 +