familyBrassicaceae
tribeBrassicaceae tribe Brassiceae
genusBrassica
speciesBrassica nigra

Brassica nigra

(Linnaeus) W. D. J. Koch in J. C. Röhling

in J. C. Röhling, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3, 4: 713. 1833.

Suzanne I. Warwick
Common names: Black mustard
WeedyIntroduced
Basionym: Sinapis nigra Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 668. 1753
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 422. Mentioned on page 420, 423, 437, 442.

Annuals; sparsely to densely hirsute-hispid (at least basally, proximally rarely subglabrate). Stems usually branched distally, (widely spreading), 3–20 dm. Basal leaves: petiole to 10 cm; blade lyrate-pinnatifid to sinuate-lobed, 6–30 cm × 10–100 mm, lobes 1–3 each side, (smaller than terminal, terminal lobe ovate, obtuse). Cauline leaves sessile or subsessile; blade (ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, similar to basal, reduced distally and less divided), base tapered, not auriculate or amplexicaul, (margins entire to sinuate-serrate). Racemes not paniculately branched. Fruiting pedicels erect (straight), (2–) 3–5 (–6) mm. Flowers: sepals 4–6 (–7) × 1–1.5 mm; petals yellow, ovate, 7–11 (–13) × (2.5–) 3–4.5 (–5.5) mm, claw 3–6 mm, apex rounded; filaments 3.5–5 mm; anthers 1–1.5 mm. Fruits erect-ascending (± appressed to rachis), smooth, ± 4-angled, 1–2.5 (–2.7) cm × (1.5–) 2–3 (–4) mm; valvular segment 2–5 (–8) -seeded per locule, (0.4–) 0.8–2 (–2.5) cm, terminal segment seedless (linear, narrow), (1–) 2–5 (–6) mm. Seeds brown to black, 1.2–1.5 (–2) mm diam.; seed-coat coarsely reticulate, minutely alveolate, not mucilaginous when wetted. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Sep.
Habitat: Roadsides, disturbed areas, waste places, fields, orchards
Elevation: 0-1500 m

Distribution

V7 623-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Alta., B.C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Europe, Asia, Africa, also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Atlantic Islands, Australia

Discussion

Brassica nigra is widely cultivated as a condiment mustard. It is also a cosmopolitan weed especially common in the valleys of California (R. C. Rollins 1993). It occurs only sporadically in southern Canada but most frequently in Ontario and along the St. Lawrence River. Specimens from Alberta, Arkansas, Delaware, and South Carolina have not been observed.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Brassica nigra"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
16 +
Androecium position
hypogynous +
Anther architecture
dithecal +
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Anther shape
ovate +  and oblong +
Anther some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Apex shape
rounded +
Author
Suzanne I. Warwick +
Authority
(Linnaeus) W. D. J. Koch in J. C. Röhling +
Basal leaf architecture
petiolate +
Basal leaf arrangement
not +  and rosulate +
Base arrangement
opposite +
Base presence
absent +
Base shape
amplexicaul +, not auriculate +  and tapered +
Basionyms
Sinapis nigra +
Blade architecture
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
Blade base shape
not +  and auriculate +
Blade length
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
Blade margin architecture or shape
lyrate-pinnatifid +, dentate +  and entire +
Blade margin shape
dissected +, repand +, sinuate +, crenate +  and dentate +
Blade shape
lyrate-pinnatifid;sinuate-lobed +
Blade size
much smaller +  and reduced +
Blade width
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
Bract presence
absent +
Calyx shape
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
Caudex architecture
branched +  and simple +
Caudex texture
woody +
Cauline leaf architecture
subsessile +  and sessile +
Claw development
well-developed +
Claw fusion
distinct +
Claw presence
absent +
Claw some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Claw variability
differentiated +
Common name
Black mustard +
Cotyledon architecture or shape
emarginate +  and entire +
Cotyledon arrangement
incumbent +, accumbent +  and conduplicate +
Cotyledon arrangement or vernation
conduplicate +
Cotyledon shape
3[2]-fid +
Disc presence
absent +
Distribution
Alta. +, B.C. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Europe +, Asia +, Africa +, also in Mexico +, Central America +, South America +, Atlantic Islands +  and Australia +
Elevation
0-1500 m +
Embryo course
straight +  and curved +
Endosperm orientation
absent +
Filament architecture
not winged +  and unappendaged +
Filament fusion
connate +  and distinct +
Filament position
median +
Filament size
slender +
Filament some measurement
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Flower architecture
actinomorphic +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower reproduction
bisexual +
Fruit architecture
latiseptate +
Fruit architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Fruit atypical length
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (2.7 cm27 mm <br />0.027 m <br />) +
Fruit atypical width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Fruit dehiscence
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
Fruit length
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Fruit orientation
erect-ascending +
Fruit shape
4-angled +
Fruit width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Fruits silique architecture
stipitate +  and sessile +
Fruits silique dehiscence
dehiscent +
Gynophore fusion
distinct +
Gynophore presence
absent +
Habitat
Roadsides, disturbed areas, waste places, fields, orchards +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey +
Inflorescence arrangement
racemose +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Introduced
true +
Juice odor or shape
pungent +
Juice pubescence or texture
watery +
Leaf architecture
sessile +  and petiolate +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
Leaf position
cauline +  and basal +
Leaf presence
absent +
Leaf quantity
Not (?) +
Lobe arrangement
connivent +
Lobe fusion
connate +  and distinct +
Lobe length
Elongated (?) +
Lobe orientation
spreading +
Lobe quantity
1 (3) +
Lobe shape
decurrent +
Margin architecture or shape
entire +
Margin shape
sinuate-serrate;lobed;sinuate-serrate;lobed;dentate +
Median gland presence
absent +
Mericarp architecture
1-seeded +
Nectar gland arrangement
not +  and confluent +
Nectar gland position
receptacular +
Nectar gland variability
variable +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovary architecture
eseptate +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +  and 2-locular +
Ovary placentation
parietal +
Ovary position
apical +
Ovule architecture
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
Ovule atypical quantity
4 (10) +
Ovule orientation
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
Ovule quantity
10;50 +
Pair arrangement
decussate +
Pair quantity
2 (?) +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal arrangement
alternate +
Petal atypical length
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
Petal atypical width
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
Petal coloration
yellow +
Petal length
7mm;11mm +
Petal presence
absent +
Petal prominence
rudimentary +
Petal quantity
4 +
Petal shape
ovate +
Petal width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
Petiole some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering Apr–Sep. +
Pistil architecture
2-carpellate +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Placenta quantity
2 +
Pollen-grain architecture
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
Pollen architecture
3-colpate +
Publication title
in J. C. Röhling, Deutschl. Fl. ed. +
Publication year
1833 +
Raceme architecture
branched +
Raceme atypical some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Raceme orientation
erect +
Raceme size
slender +
Raceme some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Radicle architecture
coiled +
Radicle arrangement
accumbent +
Radicle arrangement or vernation
conduplicate +
Radicle orientation
incumbent +
Radicle size
tiny +
Reference
None +
Replum prominence
indistinct +
Replum shape
rounded +
Rhizome size
slender +
Rorippa quantity
4 +
Seed-coat architecture or coloration or relief
reticulate +
Seed-coat coating
mucilaginous +
Seed-coat relief
alveolate +
Seed architecture
not winged +
Seed architecture or arrangement
uniseriate +
Seed arrangement
aseriate +, uniseriate +  and biseriate +
Seed coating
not +  and mucilaginous +
Seed coloration
brown +  and black +
Seed diameter
1.2mm;1.5mm +
Seed shape
globose +
Seed size
plump +
Segment architecture
latiseptate +
Segment architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Segment arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Segment quantity
2 (?) +
Segment shape
4-angled +, terete +  and torulose +
Sepal architecture or shape
saccate +
Sepal atypical length
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Sepal duration
persistent +  and caducous +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal length
? (?) +
Sepal orientation
spreading +, ascending +  and erect +
Sepal position
lateral +
Sepal quantity
4 +
Sepal shape
oblong +
Sepal width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Septum architecture
complete +
Septum presence
absent +
Septum size
reduced +
Silicle architecture
latiseptate +
Silicle architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Silicle dehiscence
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
Silicle l w ratio
0-3 +
Silicle shape
terete +  and segmented +
Silique architecture
latiseptate +
Silique dehiscence
indehiscent +  and dehiscent +
Silique shape
terete +  and segmented +
Slit dehiscence or orientation
longitudinal +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V7/V7 623.xml +
Special status
Weedy +  and Introduced +
Stamen architecture
tetradynamous +
Stamen atypical quantity
8 (24) +
Stamen length
equal +
Stamen quantity
6 +
Stem architecture
branched +
Stem growth form
procumbent +  and decumbent +
Stem growth form or orientation
prostrate +
Stem orientation
erect +
Stigma shape
2-lobed +  and entire +
Stipule architecture
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style duration
persistent +
Style fusion
distinct +
Style presence
absent +
Style prominence
obsolete +
Style quantity
1 +
Synonyms
Cruciferae +
Taxon family
Brassicaceae +
Taxon name
Brassica nigra +
Taxon parent
Brassica +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal segment architecture
seedless +
Terminal segment atypical some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Terminal segment some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Trichome architecture
simple +
Trichome arrangement or shape
stellate +
Trichome presence
absent +
Trichome shape
scale-like +  and forked +
Valve architecture
1-veined +
Valve dehiscence
dehiscing +
Valve pubescence
glabrous +
Valvular segment architecture
2-5(-8)-seeded +
Valvular segment atypical some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Valvular segment some measurement
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Vein architecture
anastomosing +
Volume
Volume 7 +
Whole-organism architecture
not scapose +
Whole-organism duration
annual +
Whole-organism pubescence
hirsute-hispid +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
Whole organism duration
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
Whole organism growth form
subshrub +  and herb +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
Whole organism location
submerged +
Whole organism pubescence
glabrous +  and pubescent +
Whorl quantity
2 +
X chromosome quantity
11 +, 10 +, 9 +, 8 +  and 7 +