familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Panicoideae
tribePoaceae tribe Paniceae
genusOplismenus
speciesOplismenus hirtellus

Oplismenus hirtellus

(L.) P. Beauv.
J.K. Wipff
Common names: Bristle basketgrass
Synonyms: Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. setarius Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. fasciculatus
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 390.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Karen Klitz, Linda A. Vorobik

Copyright: Utah State University

Plants perennial. Culms to 90 cm, mostly decumbent and rooting at the nodes, distal 15-35 cm ascending when flowering; nodes usually pubescent; internodes usually pubescent along 1 side (sometimes glabrous). Sheaths conspicuously ciliate on the margins; ligules 0.4-1.6 (2.3) mm, ciliate; blades (0.6) 1.3-11.5 cm long, 2-20 mm wide, glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent, margin (s) usually undulating. Panicles (1.5) 2.5-16.5 cm, with 2-10 primary branches; branches 0.1-2.5 cm. Spikelets 2.2-3.5 (4.5) mm; calluses shortly pubescent at the base awns usually purplish. Lower glumes 1.5-3 mm, scabridulous and/or pubescent, 3-5-veined, awns (1.6) 3.2-14.5 mm; upper glumes 1.5-2.5 mm, sparsely pubescent, 5-7-veined, awns 0.8-6 (10) mm; lower florets usually sterile, occasionally staminate; lower lemmas 2.2-3.1 mm, sparsely pubescent above, (5) 7-9-veined, awns 0.1-1.2 mm; lower paleas absent or to 2.3 mm, hyaline; upper lemmas (2.1) 2.3-3 mm, glabrous, weakly cartilaginous, white to cream-colored; anthers 3, 1.3-1.7 mm. Caryopses 1.7-1.8 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, glabrous. 2n = 36, (54), 72, (90).

Distribution

Md., Okla., Miss., Ala., N.C., La., Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Va., S.C., Ark., Fla., Ga., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mo., Tex.

Discussion

Oplismenus hirtellus grows at scattered locations in the southeastern United States, extending south in subtropical and tropical habitats to Argentina. Scholz (1981) recognized 11 subspecies and two forms within the species, but they overlap, both morphologically and geographically. The key below is included for convenience. It includes the three subspecies attributed to the Flora region. In addition, a variegated form culti

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

Key

1 Sheaths and culms noticeably pilose, the hairs 1-3 mm long; lemmas 7-veined Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius
1 Sheaths and culms glabrous or with a few, scattered hairs less than 1 mm long; lemmas (7)9-11-veined. > 2
2 Spikelets 2.2-2.7(3.3) mm long; lowest panicle branches 0.1-0.5 cm long Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. setarius
2 Spikelets 3-3.4(4.5) mm long; lowest panicle branches 0.5-0.7 cm long Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. fasciculatus

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Oplismenus hirtellus"
RDF feed
2n chromosome atypical quantity
90 +  and 54 +
2n chromosome quantity
72 +  and 36 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +
Anther quantity
3 +
Anther some measurement
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Arm cell quantity
anatomy +  and kranz +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
J.K. Wipff +
Authority
(L.) P. Beauv. +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn atypical some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +  and 1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br /> (?) +
Awn coating
viscid +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn quantity
single +
Awn some measurement
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base arrangement
divergent +  and parallel +
Base awn coloration
purplish +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
membranous +
Base width
thick +
Blade architecture
disarticulating +  and pseudopetiolate +
Blade architecture or arrangement
non-radiate +  and radiate +
Blade length
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (11.5 cm115 mm <br />0.115 m <br />) +
Blade position
adaxial +
Blade pubescence
pubescent +, scabrous +  and glabrous +
Blade shape
lanceolate +
Blade width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Branch architecture
secund +
Branch duration
persistent +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Branch some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Callus development
not developed +
Callus pubescence
pubescent +
Caryopsis architecture or shape
cleft +
Caryopsis length
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
Caryopsis presence
absent +
Caryopsis pubescence
glabrous +
Caryopsis shape
terete +  and compressed +
Caryopsis width
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
Cilium length or size
sometimes longer +
Common name
Bristle basketgrass +
Culm architecture
rooting +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm fragility
weak +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm growth form or orientation
decumbent +
Culm orientation
trailing +
Culm some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (90 cm900 mm <br />0.9 m <br />) +
Culm texture
woody +
Distal cell length or size
long +
Distal cell size or width
narrow +
Distal node orientation
ascending +
Distal node some measurement
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (35 cm350 mm <br />0.35 m <br />) +
Distribution
Md. +, Okla. +, Miss. +, Ala. +, N.C. +, La. +, Puerto Rico +, Virgin Islands +, Va. +, S.C. +, Ark. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Mo. +  and Tex. +
Embryo quantity
1/2 +
Embryo shape
waisted +
Embryo size
large +
Endosperm texture
hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Flap character
germination +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret atypical quantity
3 +
Floret length or size
sometimes longer +
Floret palea development
well-developed +
Floret palea presence
absent +
Floret palea size
reduced +
Floret quantity
2 +
Floret reproduction
bisexual +
Floret shape
compressed +  and terete +
Fusoid cell presence
absent +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume height or length or size
shorter +
Glume length or size
shorter or longer +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume quantity
2 +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume texture
membranous +
Glume variability
equal +
Hair architecture or shape
awned +
Hair quantity
lacking +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Linda A. Vorobik +  and Karen Klitz +
Inflorescence architecture
bracteate +  and ebracteate +
Inflorescence position
axillary +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Internode architecture
solid +  and hollow +
Internode length
elongated +
Internode pubescence
pubescent +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Leaf position
cauline +
Lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Lemma coloration
hyaline +
Lemma texture
coriaceous +
Ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Ligule atypical some measurement
2.3 +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule some measurement
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule fusion
free +
Lodicule height or length or size
short +
Lodicule presence
absent +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule pubescence
glabrous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
cuneate +
Lodicule texture
fleshy +
Lower floret architecture
staminate +
Lower floret reproduction
sterile +
Lower floret size
reduced +
Lower glume architecture
3-5-veined +
Lower glume architecture or shape
awned +
Lower glume pubescence
pubescent +
Lower glume quantity
0 +  and 1/2 +
Lower glume relief
scabridulous +
Lower glume some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Lower lemma architecture
(5)7-9-veined +
Lower lemma pubescence
pubescent +
Lower lemma shape
acute +  and shortly awned +
Lower lemma some measurement
0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br /> (0.31 cm3.1 mm <br />0.0031 m <br />) +
Lower palea coloration
hyaline +
Lower palea presence
absent +
Lower palea quantity
0-2.3 mm +
Margin arrangement
separated +
Margin coloration
hyaline +
Margin prominence or shape
flat +
Margin shape or vernation
involute +
Microhair presence
absent +
Midrib architecture
complex +  and simple +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Node pubescence
pubescent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
glabrous +
Palea shape
keeled +
Panicle atypical some measurement
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (?) +
Panicle location
subterranean +
Panicle some measurement
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (16.5 cm165 mm <br />0.165 m <br />) +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pedicel quantity
1 +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Primary branch quantity
2 +  and 10 +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Reference
None +
Secondary position
higher +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Sheath condition
closed +
Side quantity
1 +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V25/V25 1104.xml +
Spike architecture
complex +
Spike arrangement
bisexual +
Spike reproduction
unisexual +
Spikelet architecture
sessile +
Spikelet arrangement
paired +
Spikelet atypical some measurement
4.5 +
Spikelet character
length +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet presence
absent +
Spikelet prominence
not sunken +
Spikelet quantity
lacking +
Spikelet reproduction
unisexual +  and bisexual +
Spikelet shape
compressed +
Spikelet some measurement
0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
Spikelet variability
varying +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +
Stigma coloration
red +
Style-branch arrangement
close +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch fusion
fused +  and free +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +  and 3 +
Subsidiary-cell shape
dome--shaped +  and triangular +
Synonyms
Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. setarius +  and Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. fasciculatus +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Oplismenus hirtellus +
Taxon parent
Oplismenus +
Taxon rank
species +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Upper floret reproduction
bisexual +
Upper glume architecture
5-7-veined +
Upper glume architecture or pubescence or shape
not ciliate +
Upper glume presence
absent +
Upper glume pubescence
pubescent +
Upper glume size
subequal +
Upper glume some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Upper lemma architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Upper lemma atypical some measurement
2.1 +
Upper lemma coloration
white +  and cream-colored +
Upper lemma pubescence
glabrous +
Upper lemma pubescence or texture
Cartilaginous (?) +
Upper lemma some measurement
0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Upper lemma texture
papery +  and leathery +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 25 +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
Whole organism growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Whole organism reproduction
dioecious +, monoecious +  and synoecious +
Whole organism variability
various +
X chromosome atypical quantity
14 +, 12 +  and 7 +
X chromosome quantity
9 +