familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae
tribePoaceae tribe Triticeae
genusTriticum
speciesTriticum carthlicum

Triticum carthlicum

Nevski
Laura A. Morrison
Common names: Persian wheat
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 274.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Hana Pazdírková, And Christine Roberts

Copyright: Utah State University

Culms 60-100 cm; nodes glabrous or pubescent; internodes mostly hollow, solid for 1 cm below the spikes. Blades to 10 mm wide, puberulent. Spikes 8-16 cm, thicker than wide to about as thick as wide, not branched at the base; rachises glabrous or shortly ciliate at the nodes and margins, not disarticulating. Spikelets 10-15 mm, with 3-5 florets, 2-4 seed-forming. Glumes 7-9 mm, coriaceous, loosely appressed to the lower florets, with 1 prominent keel, terminating in an awn, awns 1-6 cm; lemmas 8.5-12.5 mm, lower 2 lemmas awned, awns to 13 cm; paleas not splitting at maturity. Caryopses red; endosperm flinty. Haplomes AuB. 2n = 28.

Discussion

Triticum carthlicum is of evolutionary interest because, morphologically, its spikes resemble those of T. aestivum rather than those of free-threshing tetraploid wheats such as T. durum, T. turgidum, and T. polonicum. It is still occasionally cultivated in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, and Iran because of its resistance to drought, frost, and ergot infection. A morphologically similar form of T. aestivum with awned glumes, known as 'carthlicoides', is often found intermixed with T. carthlicum.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number."-3timesthelengthof" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Triticum carthlicum"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
28 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +  and scarious +
Anther quantity
3 +
Apex architecture or shape
awned +
Apex pubescence
hairy +
Apex shape
toothed +, lobed +  and entire +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Laura A. Morrison +
Authority
Nevski +
Awn architecture
unbranched +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn position
basal +  and apical +
Awn position or structure subtype
terminal +
Awn pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Awn quantity
single +
Awn some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br />) +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Basal floret quantity
1 +  and 2 +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base arrangement
close +
Base fusion
free +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
hard +
Base width
thick +
Blade arrangement
parallel +
Blade arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Blade prominence
not evident +
Blade prominence or shape
flat +
Blade pubescence
puberulent +
Blade shape
cross +, linear +  and narrowly lanceolate +
Blade width
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Callus pubescence
hairy +  and glabrous +
Common name
Persian wheat +
Culm architecture
branched +  and solitary +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm orientation
erect +
Culm some measurement
60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
Culm texture
not woody +
Distal floret reproduction
sterile +
Distal floret size
reduced +
Distal lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Distribution
Wash. +, Del. +, D.C +, Wis. +, W.Va. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Conn. +, Mass. +, Maine +, N.H. +, R.I. +, Vt. +, Fla. +, Wyo. +, Puerto Rico +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, Nebr. +, Tenn. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Pa. +, N.Y. +, Okla. +, Alaska +, Nev. +, Va. +, Colo. +, Md. +, Calif. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Ill. +, Ga. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ariz. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Oreg. +, Ohio +, Utah +, Mo. +, Minn. +, Mich. +, Kans. +, Miss. +, Ky. +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Greenland +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.) +, N.S. +, N.W.T. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +  and S.Dak. +
Embryo quantity
1/3 +
Endosperm texture
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret length or size
longer +
Floret quantity
2 +  and 4 +
Floret reproduction
bisexual +
Floret shape
laterally compressed +  and terete +
Glume architecture
1-5-veined +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume fragility
stiff +
Glume height or length or size
shorter than to longer than the adjacent florets +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume presence
absent +
Glume quantity
2 +
Glume shape
lanceolate +, rectangular +  and ovate +
Glume size
subequal +
Glume some measurement
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
Glume texture
coriaceous +
Glume variability
equal +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum shape
Ovate (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Cindy Roché +, Hana Pazdírková +  and And Christine Roberts +
Inflorescence architecture
branched +
Inflorescence arrangement
distichous +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Internode architecture
solid +  and hollow +
Internode arrangement
adjacent +
Internode atypical some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +
Internode presence
absent +
Internode shape
barrel--shaped +
Internode some measurement
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Keel architecture
winged +
Keel prominence
prominent +
Keel quantity
1 +
Lateral-vein presence
absent +
Lateral-vein prominence
prominent +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Lemma architecture
5(7)-veined +
Lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Lemma quantity
2 +
Lemma shape
keeled +
Lemma some measurement
0.85 cm8.5 mm <br />0.0085 m <br /> (1.25 cm12.5 mm <br />0.0125 m <br />) +
Lemma texture
chartaceous +  and coriaceous +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule architecture
veined +
Lodicule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Lodicule architecture or shape
truncate +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
lanceolate +
Lodicule texture
fleshy +  and membranous +
Lower lemma quantity
2 +
Lowest lemma architecture or shape
awned +
Midrib architecture
simple +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Node pubescence
pubescent +  and glabrous +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
hairy +  and glabrous +
Palea architecture or dehiscence
not splitting +
Palea development
well-developed +
Palea height or length or size
shorter +
Palea length or size
slightly longer +
Palea presence
absent +
Palea shape
keeled +
Palea size
subequal +
Palea texture
hyaline-membranous +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Pedicel quantity
0-4 mm +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pericarp width
thin +
Pseudopetiole presence
absent +
Raceme shape
spikelike +
Rachilla length
prolonged +
Rachis architecture
not disarticulating +
Rachis architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Rachis pubescence
glabrous +
Reference
None +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath length
full +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24 393.xml +
Spike architecture
not branched +
Spike some measurement
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (16 cm160 mm <br />0.16 m <br />) +
Spikelet architecture
subsessile +  and sessile +
Spikelet arrangement
mixed +
Spikelet atypical some measurement
40 +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet fusion
distinct +
Spikelet life cycle
falling +
Spikelet orientation
Appressed (Ascending) +
Spikelet quantity
1 +
Spikelet reproduction
bisexual +  and sterile +
Spikelet shape
terete +  and compressed +
Spikelet some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +  and compound +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +
Subsidiary-cell architecture
parallel-sided +
Surface relief
not papillate +
Synonyms
Gramineae +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Triticum carthlicum +
Taxon parent
Triticum +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal floret reproduction
sexual +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Vein arrangement
converging +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein prominence
inconspicuous +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 24 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
annual +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
X chromosome quantity
7 +