Viola rostrata

Pursh

Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 174. 1813.

Common names: Long-spurred violet violette rostrée
Illustrated
Synonyms: Lophion rostratum (Pursh) Nieuwland & Kaczmarek
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 154. Mentioned on page 117, 135.

Plants perennial, caulescent, not stoloniferous, 5–20 cm. Stems 1–7, ascending to erect (often declining during anthesis), glabrous, on caudex from fleshy rhizome. Leaves basal and cauline; basal: 1–5; stipules lanceolate, margins laciniate, apex acute; petiole 1–9.6 cm, glabrous; blade sometimes purple-spotted abaxially and/or adaxially, reniform to ovate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base broadly cordate to cordate, margins crenate to serrate, mostly eciliate, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces usually pubescent, mostly adaxially toward base, sometimes glabrous; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 0.4–4 cm; distal cauline blades ovate to deltate, 1–4.5 × 1–4 cm, base cordate, apex acuminate to acute. Peduncles 5–9 cm, usually glabrous. Flowers: sepals lanceolate, margins eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals pale lavender-violet on both surfaces, all white basally, lower 3 purple-black-veined, all beardless, lowest 8–20 mm, spur white, purple, or lavender-tinged, elongated, 10–20 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules ellipsoid, 4–6 mm, glabrous. Seeds beige to bronze, 1.3–2 mm. 2n = 20.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–May.
Habitat: Rich, mesic to dry, well-drained woodlands, mountains
Elevation: 200–1800 m

Distribution

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Ont., Que., Ala., Conn., Ga., Ind., Ky., Md., Mass., Mich., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., e Asia (Japan)

Discussion

Viola rostrata has the longest spur of any North American Viola species.

Viola rostrata reportedly hybridizes with V. labradorica (= V. ×malteana House) and V. striata (= V. ×brauniae Grover ex Cooperrider).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"thick" is not a number. "narrow" is not a number.

... more about "Viola rostrata"
acuminate;acute +
not +  and prominent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> - 0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> +
R. John Little +  and Landon E. McKinney† +
cordate +  and broadly cordate +
overlapping +
purple-spotted +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br /> +
reniform +  and ovate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> +
muriculate +
ellipsoid +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> - 0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> +
Long-spurred violet +  and violette rostrée +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br /> +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> +
Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Conn. +, Ga. +, Ind. +, Ky. +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and e Asia - Japan +
ovoid +  and spheroid +
200–1800 m +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> - 0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> +
2 +  and produced in summer , apetalous or petals +
cleistogamous +
3-valved +  and capsular +
loculicidal +
Rich, mesic to dry, well-drained woodlands, mountains +
stoloniferous +, rhizomatous +, taprooted +  and simple +
scattered +  and concentrated +
variously--shaped +
1 - -3[-5]-flowered +
petiolate +  and simple +
cauline +  and basal +
unlobed +
not narrowed +
crenate +  and serrate +
syngenesious +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> - 9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> +
purple-black-veined +
white +  and pale lavender-violet +
lowest +  and lower +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> - 2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> - 4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> +
Flowering Apr–May. +
[2-]3[-5]-carpellate +
Fl. Amer. Sept. +
deep-seated +
beige;bronze +
ovoid;spherical +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> - 0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> +
lanceolate +
subequal +
longitudinal +
Illustrated +
acaulescent +  and caulescent +
lavender-tinged +, purple +  and white +
elongated +
gibbous +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> - 2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> +
adherent +, not adherent +  and distinct +
leafy +  and simple +
shallow +
deciduous +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
ascending;erect +
subligneous +  and fleshy +
lanceolate +
hollow +  and solid +
beardless +  and bearded +
enlarged +
glabrous +  and pubescent +
Lophion rostratum +
Viola rostrata +
species +
not stoloniferous +  and caulescent +
prostrate +  and erect +
hairy +  and glabrous +