Anemone acutiloba

(de Candolle) G. Lawson

Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 2(4): 30. 1884.

Common names: Sharp-lobed hepatica anémone &agrave lobes aigus hépatique &agrave lobes aigus
EndemicIllustrated
Basionym: Hepatica acutiloba de Candolle Prodr. 1: 22. 1824
Synonyms: Hepatica acuta (Pursh) Britton Hepatica nobilis var. acuta (Pursh) Steyermark Hepatica triloba var. acuta Pursh Hepatica triloba var. acutiloba (de Candolle) Warner
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.

Aerial shoots 5-19 cm, from rhizomes, rhizomes ascending to horizontal. Basal leaves 3-15, often purplish abaxially, simple, deeply divided; petiole 3-19 cm; leaf-blade widely orbiculate, 1.3-8 × 1.8- -11.5 cm, base cordate, margins entire, apex acute or acuminate, surfaces strongly villous to glabrescent; lobes 3 (-5), deltate, 0.7-4 cm wide; middle lobe 70-90% of total blade length. Inflorescences 1-flowered, villous to pilose; involucral-bracts 3, 1-tiered, simple, dissimilar to basal leaves, lanceolate to ovate, 0.53-1.8 × 0.27-0.95 cm, sessile, calyxlike, closely subtending flowers, bases distinct, cuneate, margins entire, apex acute, strongly villous to glabrescent. Flowers: sepals 5-12, white to pink or bluish, ovate to obovate, 6-14.6 × 2.2-5.8 mm, glabrous; petals absent; stamens 10-30. Heads of achenes spheric; pedicel 0.1-0.4 cm. Achenes: body narrowly ovoid, 3.5-4.7 × 1.3-1.9 mm, slightly winged, hispid, gradually tapering; beak indistinct. 2n=14.


Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Deciduous woods, often in calcareous soils
Elevation: 0-1200 m

Distribution

V3 879-distribution-map.gif

Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

In North America, Anemone acutiloba and A. americana are sufficiently well differentiated to enable the distinction of the two species. Some intermediates do occur but it is uncertain as to whether thes intermediates or hybrids. The fact that the two species are highly sympatric and still maintain their differences implies that they should still be recognized as distinctive species (see G.L. Stebbins 1993).

The two North American species formerly placed in Hepatica are closely allied to the Eurasian Anemone hepatica Linnaeus [=Hepatica nobilis Miller, Hepatica hepatica (Linnaeus) Karst]. Among European collections, plants approach either A. acutiloba or A. americana in leaf morphology, but some intermediates are found (J. A. Steyermark and C. S. Steyermark 1960). North American plants differ from A. hepatica in having narrower sepals, larger involucral bracts, and shorter and less pubescent scapes. Further research, including a comparative study of breeding systems, is needed to clarify the relationship between Anemone hepatica, A. acutiloba, and A. americana. Pending such work, the eastern North American hepaticas are here recognized as distinct species.

D. E. Moerman (1986) lists Hepatica acutiloba as one of the plants used medicinally by Native Americans in the treatment of abdominal pains, poor digestion, and constipation, as a wash for "twisted mouth or crossed eyes," and as a gynecological aid.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"hispid" is not a number.

... more about "Anemone acutiloba"
strongly villous +  and glabrescent +
acute +  and acuminate +
Bryan E. Dutton +, Carl S. Keener +  and Bruce A. Ford +
(de Candolle) G. Lawson +
distinct +
cuneate +  and cordate +
Hepatica acutiloba +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
curved +  and straight +
indistinct +
plumose +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.47 cm4.7 mm <br />0.0047 m <br />) +
tapering;ovoid +
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.19 cm1.9 mm <br />0.0019 m <br />) +
globose;cylindric +
Sharp-lobed hepatica +, anémone &agrave +, lobes aigus +  and hépatique &agrave +
2-9-flowered +
Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, N.H. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0-1200 m +
broadened +
sessile +  and pedicellate +
showy +  and inconspicuous +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
stalked +, sessile +  and aggregate +
ovoid;obovoid +
Deciduous woods, often in calcareous soils +
spheric +
axillary +  and terminal +
villous +  and pilose +
sessile +  and simple +
0.53 cm5.3 mm <br />0.0053 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
1.8cm;11.5cm +
petiolate +, compound +  and simple +
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
deltate +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
palmate +  and pinnate +
toothed;entire +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
distinct +
conspicuous +
obovate +  and elliptic +
reduced +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (19 cm190 mm <br />0.19 m <br />) +
Flowering spring. +
Proc. & Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada +
ascending +  and horizontal +
not arillate +  and stalked +
white;pink or bluish +
not persistent +
distinct +
5 +  and 12 +
ovate +  and obovate +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br /> (0.58 cm5.8 mm <br />0.0058 m <br />) +
Endemic +  and Illustrated +
persistent +
strongly villous;glabrescent +
Hepatica acuta +, Hepatica nobilis var. acuta +, Hepatica triloba var. acuta +  and Hepatica triloba var. acutiloba +
Anemone acutiloba +
species +
2-9-flowered +
herbaceous +  and woody +