View source for Arctous ← Arctous You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Arctous |accepted_authority=(A. Gray) Niedenzu |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Bot. Jahrb. Syst. |place=11: 144. 1889 , }} |common_names=Alpine bearberry |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Ericaceae;Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae;Arctous |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ericaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arctous]]</div></div> |etymology=Greek arktous, northern, alluding to distribution |volume=Volume 8 |mention_page=page 371, 375, 397, 405, 407 |treatment_page=page 404 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form"><b>Shrubs,</b> not burled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="bark coloration;bark relief;sheet texture;stem life cycle">bark brownish, exfoliating in papery sheets from older stems.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem growth form or orientation;stem architecture;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>prostrate, extensively branched, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>deciduous (leaf or leaf-bases marcescent), bifacial;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade texture;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;surface pubescence">blade ovate or obovate to oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, margins crenate-serrate, ± plane, surfaces glabrous (margins ciliate toward base).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescences raceme architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>racemes (formed on current-year’s growth), 2–7-flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="bracteole presence">bracteoles absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal shape">sepals persistent, 5, distinct, broadly ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion;petal lengths;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;corolla shape">petals 5, connate nearly their entire lengths, white, cream, yellow, or green, corolla urceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position">stamens 10, included;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="filament shape">filaments dilated, (usually hairy at base);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther dehiscence;dorsal awn quantity;terminal pore quantity">anthers (reddish), with 2 (recurved), dorsal awns, dehiscent by 2 terminal pores;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary 4–10-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape">stigma capitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="drupe coloration;drupe coloration;drupe coloration;drupe coloration;drupe coloration;drupe shape;drupe texture;drupe architecture or pubescence or relief"><b>Drupes </b>black-purple, brick-red, or scarlet, globose, juicy, smooth;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="pyrene quantity;pyrene fusion">pyrenes 4–5, distinct.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>4–5, distinct, (ovoid), not angled;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="">(testa bony).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed quantity;seed fusion;seed shape;x chromosome quantity">x = 13.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia |discussion=<p>Arctostaphylos Adanson subg. Arctous A. Gray in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 27. 1878</p><!-- --><p>Species 3 or 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>The genus Arctous differs vegetatively from Arctostaphylos in having leaves with winged petioles and crenate to serrulate margins, fruits that are bright red or black and juicy (in Arctostaphylos the fruits are mealy or granular), and only five nutlets with hard, smooth endocarps (in contrast to Arctostaphylos, where the fruits have ten sculptured nutlets). Arctous has flowering buds that develop in the spring, as opposed to Arctostaphylos, in which buds form in the summer and autumn and lie dormant during the winter. Phylogenetic studies employing molecular methods place Arctous as the sister group to Arctostaphylos. Both species of Arctous in the flora area turn bright orange-red in autumn and are suitable for the alpine or rock garden.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaf blades 4-15 mm, surfaces rugose, hairy toward base and on petiole (hairs 1-2 mm); twigs clothed with persistent old leaves or petioles; corolla lobes 0.5 mm; fruits black- purple; stones 2.7-4.6 × 2-3.6 mm. |[[Arctous alpina|Arctous alpina]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Leaf blades (10-)15-30(-60) mm, surfaces not or only slightly rugose, glabrous; twigs bare of old leaves; corolla lobes 1 mm; fruits brick red or scarlet; stones 2.5-3 × 1.6-2.2 mm. |[[Arctous rubra|Arctous rubra]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Arctous |author=Gordon C. Tucker |authority=(A. Gray) Niedenzu |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Ericaceae |distribution=North America;Europe;Asia |reference=None |publication title=Bot. Jahrb. Syst. |publication year= |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_763.xml |subfamily=Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae |genus=Arctous |anther dehiscence=dehiscent |bark coloration=brownish |bark relief=exfoliating |blade shape=obovate;oblanceolate |blade texture=subcoriaceous |bracteole presence=absent |corolla shape=urceolate |dorsal awn quantity=2 |drupe architecture or pubescence or relief=smooth |drupe coloration=scarlet;brick-red;scarlet;brick-red;black-purple |drupe shape=globose |drupe texture=juicy |filament shape=dilated |flower reproduction=bisexual |inflorescences raceme architecture=2-7-flowered |leaf architecture=bifacial |leaf duration=deciduous |margin architecture or shape=crenate-serrate |margin shape=plane |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=4-10-locular |petal coloration=green;yellow;green;yellow;cream;white |petal fusion=connate |petal lengths=entire |petal quantity=5 |pyrene fusion=distinct |pyrene quantity=4;5 |seed fusion=distinct |seed quantity=4;5 |seed shape=not angled |sepal duration=persistent |sepal fusion=distinct |sepal quantity=5 |sepal shape=ovate |sheet texture=papery |stamen position=included |stamen quantity=10 |stem architecture=branched |stem growth form or orientation=prostrate |stem life cycle=older |stem pubescence=glabrous |stigma architecture or shape=capitate |surface pubescence=glabrous |terminal pore quantity=2 |whole_organism growth form=shrub |x chromosome quantity=13 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Ericaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Arctous.