Arisaema dracontium

(Linnaeus) Schott in H. W. Schott and S. L. Endlicher

in H. W. Schott and S. L. Endlicher,Meletemata Botanica 17. 1832.

Common names: Green-dragon dragon-root
Illustrated
Basionym: Arum dracontium Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 964. 1753
Synonyms: Muricauda dracontium (Linnaeus) Small
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22.

Plants 1.5–9 dm. Roots radiating from apex of corm; corm to 8 cm diam. Leaves usually solitary; petiole medium green or purple-marked; blade pedately divided, leaflets (5–) 7–13 (–21), sessile or petiolulate, elliptic to oblanceolate, to 28 × 10 cm, apex acute to acuminate; central leaflet usually shorter than neighboring ones, these leaflets longest, outer progressively smaller. Inflorescences: s Spathe light green, sometimes marked with purple, convolute, 3–6 (–12) cm; blade usually scarcely distinguished from tube;. sSpadix 6–20 cm (or longer), longer than spathe, apex tapering in long slender appendage to 15 cm. Staminate flowers with 2–4 stamens. Fruits oblong or pear-shaped, 7–13 mm. Seeds 1–2 (–6), 3–5 mm diam. 2n = 28, 56.


Phenology: Flowering late winter (southern part of range)–late spring.
Habitat: Mesic to wet deciduous woods, thickets, and bottoms
Elevation: 30–1200 m

Distribution

V22 599-distribution-map.jpg

Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., e Mexico

Discussion

Reports of Arisaema dracontium occurring in New Hampshire and Rhode Island have not been substantiated by specimens. The species has also been reported from Nuevo León and Veracruz, Mexico (E. Matuda 1954); more study is needed to determine if these plants are conspecific. Specimens with a wider spathe blade than is typical in A. dracontium have been collected in Florida and Georgia, and these forms may represent intermediates between A. dracontium and the Mexican species A. macrospathum Bentham, which has an expanded spathe blade. D. G. Huttleston (1953) treated A. macrospathum as a subspecies of A. dracontium in his dissertation, but this change in taxonomic status was never formally published.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

No values specified.

... more about "Arisaema dracontium"
tapering;acute;acuminate +
Sue A. Thompson +
(Linnaeus) Schott in H. W. Schott and S. L. Endlicher +
rounded;obtuse or attenuate +
Arum dracontium +
pinnate or palmate-netted +  and parallel +
distinguished +
divided +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
Green-dragon +  and dragon-root +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
underground +
Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and e Mexico +
30–1200 m +
orange +  and bright red +
pear--shaped;oblong +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
connate +  and distinct +
Mesic to wet deciduous woods, thickets, and bottoms +
clustered +, alternate +  and solitary +
1 (?) +  and 2 (?) +
petiolulate +  and sessile +
7 (?) +  and 13 (?) +
elliptic;oblanceolate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
with sterile flowers +  and naked +
purple-marked;green;medium +
Flowering late winter (southern part of range)–late spring. +
in H. W. Schott and S. L. Endlicher,Meletemata Botanica +
horizontal +  and vertical +
1 +  and 2 +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
cylindric +
light green +
deciduous +  and persistent +
Illustrated +
embedded in spadix +  and sessile +
connate +  and distinct +
discoid +  and capitate +
hemispheric +
Muricauda dracontium +
Arisaema dracontium +
Arisaema +
species +
wetland +  and terrestrial +
floating +  and emergent +