Atrichum altecristatum

(Renauld & Cardot) B. B. Smyth & L. C. D. Smyth

Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 23/24: 284. 1911,.

Basionym: Atrichum undulatum var. altecristatum Renauld & Cardot Bot. Gaz. 15: 58. 1890
Synonyms: Atrichum selwynii var. altecristatum (Renauld & Cardot) Nyholm Atrichum undulatum var. allegheniense (Jennings) Jennings
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 153. Mentioned on page 148, 149, 151, 154.

Plants small to medium-sized, light to dark green, brown proximally with age. Stems 1–3 cm. Leaves 2–8 × 0.7–1.5 mm, keeled and concave, rarely almost plane, rather narrowly lanceolate to lingulate, more or less undulate with rows of abaxial teeth on the undulations, the apex acute or sometimes proximal leaves obtuse; costa percurrent or subpercurrent with abaxial teeth near apex; lamellae 4–6 (–8), laxly spreading, 4–6 (–9) cells high; median leaf cells 24-28 µm wide, rounded to ± regularly hexagonal, rather thick-walled, strongly collenchymatous with trigones, smooth or occasionally with minute, verrucose or striate papillae mainly on abaxial surface. Sexual condition polygamous, some shoots apparently unisexual males or females, others with both sexes; perigonia inconspicuous, the outer perigonial bracts resembling stem-leaves but with a broader base, the inner small, ovate or suborbicular. Seta 1–3 per perichaetium, 1–3.5 cm, erect. Capsule 2–7 × 0.5–0.8 mm, cylindric, usually somewhat curved and inclined, sometimes straight and erect; operculum 2–3 mm. Spores 9–21 µm.


Phenology: Capsules mature spring–fall (Mar–Oct).
Habitat: Soil banks along roads, trails, often on hummocks in clearings in woodlands, open or semishaded conditions
Elevation: usually low elevations

Distribution

V27 189-distribution-map.gif

Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ark., Del., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mich., Minn., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.Dak., Tenn., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Atrichum altecristatum is a common and widespread species, particularly in northcentral United States. It is distinguished from A. angustatum by the lamellae 4–6, and 4–6 cells high (against 6–9 lamellae, up to 15 cells high in A. angustatum), and leaf cells 24–28 µm in longest dimension, collenchymatous, with evident trigones (as opposed to cells smaller and subquadrate in A. angustatum, bulging mammillose on the adaxial surface). The difference in sexuality is more difficult to demonstrate, since most plants in a colony may appear female, with only a few shoots bearing a male inflorescence followed by a female inflorescence and sporophyte on the same stem about a centimeter above the male. As a result, the species is monoicous, but functionally dioicous. The taxon known as A. crispum var. molle (Holzinger) Frye evidently belongs here (R. R. Ireland 1969).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"broadened" is not a number."narrower" is not a number.

... more about "Atrichum altecristatum"
prominent +
Gary L. Smith Merrill +  and Robert R. Ireland Jr. +
(Renauld & Cardot) B. B. Smyth & L. C. D. Smyth +
Atrichum undulatum var. altecristatum +
straight;arcuate +
abrupt +, crisped +  and undulate +
firm-textured +
overlapping +
not pitted +
monoicous +, dioicous +, sexual +  and vegetative +
elongate-rectangular +
sparsely ciliate;smooth +
hispid +  and smooth +
cucullate +
straight +  and curved +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
erect;inclined +
cylindric +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
subpercurrent +
toothed +
undifferentiated +
conspicuous +
Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Ark. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
usually low elevations +
scabrous +, mammillose +  and smooth +
Soil banks along roads, trails, often on hummocks in clearings in woodlands, open or semishaded conditions +
delimited +  and indistinct +
suborbicular +  and ovate +
photosynthetic +
4 +  and 6 +
serrate +, crenulate +  and serrulate +
long-rectangular +
toothed +  and undulate +
collenchymatous +  and thick-walled +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
obtuse +, undulate +, rather narrowly lanceolate +  and lingulate +
membranous +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
1(-3)-stratose +
cuticular-papillose +  and smooth +
toothed +, serrate +, denticulate +  and entire +
shape +  and size +
with minute rounded to striate papillae +  and smooth +
synoicous +, polygamous +, dioicous +  and sexual +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
striate +  and verrucose +
usually narrower and longer +
pigmented +  and pale +
Capsules mature spring–fall (Mar–Oct). +
Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. +
underground +
not differentiated +
straight +  and flexuose +
1 +  and 3 +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
differentiated +
female +, male +  and unisexual +
larger +  and minute +
branched +  and simple +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Atrichum selwynii var. altecristatum +  and Atrichum undulatum var. allegheniense +
Atrichum altecristatum +
Atrichum +
species +
compound +  and simple +
unjointed +
brown +, light +  and dark green +
small +  and medium-sized +