Atriplex pentandra

(Jacquin) Standley in N. L. Britton et al.

in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 54. 1916.

Common names: Seas hore orach
Basionym: Axyris pentandra Jacquin Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist., 244. 1763
Synonyms: Atriplex texana S. Watson Atriplex wardii Standley
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 362. Mentioned on page 325, 329.

Herbs, annual or perennial, sprawling to erect, often suffrutescent at the base, much branched and clump-forming, 3–10 dm. Stems obtusely angled, finely scurfy when young. Leaves sessile or short petiolate; blade paler abaxially, oblong or rhombic-ovate to broadly obovate or narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic, 10–30 × (1–) 3–15 mm, thin, base rounded to cuneate, margin repand-dentate or sinuate-dentate to undulate or distal ones or all of them entire, apex rounded to acute, mucronate, densely white scurfy abaxially, grayish green and usually glabrate adaxially. Staminate flowers in short, dense, naked terminal spikes or panicles; calyx 5-cleft, lobes green keeled. Pistillate flowers fascicled in axils. Fruiting bracteoles sessile or with stipes to 0.5 mm, broadly cuneate-orbiculate, compressed, (2–) 2.5–4.5 × (1.5–) 2.6–5 mm, usually as broad as or broader than long, much thickened at maturity, united only at truncate or broadly cuneate base, margin deeply and acutely dentate, faces with 2, sometimes swollen, dentate crests or covered with irregular, conic-acute, corky tubercles, seldom smooth. Seeds brown, 1–1.5 mm.


Phenology: Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat: Sandy seashores, coastal salt marshes
Elevation: 0-50 m

Distribution

V4 708-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Conn., Fla., Ga., La., Mass., Miss., N.C., S.C., Tex., West Indies, South America (Venezuela and Colombia to Peru)

Discussion

D. S. Correll and M. C. Johnston (1970), treated both Atriplex texana and A. wardii at the specific level. The diagnostic features used to distinguish them, dentate versus entire leaf blades and smooth versus tuberculate faces of fruiting bracteoles, fail singly and in combination. Both taxa were regarded by H. M. Hall and F. E. Clements (1923) as variants of typical A. pentandra, and this worker tentatively agrees with those authors’ conclusions. Specimens from Galveston, Texas—the type locality of A. wardii—are apparently intermediate with A. mucronata (see below) and form the basis on which A. wardii was founded. Some of those specimens have been annotated by me and others as A. mucronata. The plants have entire leaves more closely matching those of A. mucronata, but the small fruiting bracteoles, though usually lacking tubercles on the faces, are of similar proportions to those of typical A. pentandra. Atriplex pentandra and A. mucronata are certainly very closely allied.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

No values specified."/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Atriplex pentandra"
grayish green +  and white +
glabrate +  and scurfy +
mucronate +, rounded +  and acute +
Stanley L. Welsh +
(Jacquin) Standley in N. L. Britton et al. +
slippery +
aromatic +
subsessile +, sessile +  and monomorphic +
cuneate +, truncate +  and rounded +
broader than long +
Axyris pentandra +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
rhombic-ovate +  and broadly obovate or narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic +
persistent +  and deciduous +
reddish-brown +, black +, brown +  and green +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +
cuneate +  and ovate or obovate +
not crested +
3-5-parted +
Seas hore orach +
swollen +
Ala. +, Conn. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +, Mass. +, Miss. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, West Indies +  and South America (Venezuela and Colombia to Peru) +
0-50 m +
tuberculate +  and smooth +
pistillate +  and staminate +
rarely +  and lacking +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and connate +
enlarged +
Sandy seashores, coastal salt marshes +
bladderlike +
terminal +  and axillary +
petiolate +, short +  and sessile +
deciduous +  and persistent +
not winged +  and winged +
dentate +, sinuate-dentate to undulate or distal +  and repand-dentate +
lobed +  and serrate-dentate +
inferior +, half-inferior +  and superior +
crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +
1 +  and single +
persistent +  and deciduous +
(1-)3-5-lobed +
papery +  and chartaceous +
Flowering summer–fall. +
in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. +
bulbous +  and taprooted +
fusiform +
fleshy +  and fibrous +
verrucate +  and striate +
flattened +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
cylindric +
3 +  and 5 +
opposite +  and alternate +
succulent +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br />) +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
compressed;cuneate-orbiculate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.26 cm2.6 mm <br />0.0026 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
sessile +  and petiolate +
reduced;small +
horizontal +  and vertical +
verrucate +
Atriplex texana +  and Atriplex wardii +
Atriplex pentandra +
Atriplex subsect. Arenariae +
species +
conic-acute +
dicotyledonous +
perennial +  and annual +
herb +, clump-forming +  and suffrutescent +