View source for Calopogon ← Calopogon You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Calopogon |accepted_authority=R. Brown |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. |place=5: 204. 1813 |year=1813 }} |common_names=Grass pink;calopogon |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae;Orchidaceae tribe Arethuseae;Orchidaceae (tribe Arethuseae) subtribe Bletiinae;Calopogon |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Orchidaceae tribe Arethuseae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Orchidaceae (tribe Arethuseae) subtribe Bletiinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Calopogon]]</div></div> |etymology=Greek kalos, beautiful, and pogon, beard, alluding to hairlike protuberances on lamellae |volume=Volume 26 |mention_page=page 495, 598, 599, 600 |treatment_page=page 597 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form or habitat;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, terrestrial, scapose, sympodial.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root width;corm shape;corm shape;corm shape;corm shape"><b>Roots </b>from globose, ellipsoid, oblong, or forked corms, 0.5–2 mm wide.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem pubescence"><b>Stems:</b> glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="cauline bract quantity;cauline bract architecture or shape">cauline bracts 2–3, sheathing.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf atypical quantity;leaf quantity;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>1 (–3), sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade arrangement or vernation;blade architecture">blade linear, lanceolate, or elliptic-lanceolate, conduplicate, frequently prominently veined.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence atypical quantity;inflorescence quantity;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;spike arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, 1 (–3) racemose spikes, 1–25-flowered (ovaries not pedicellate despite appearance), scapose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="">flowers opening nearly simultaneously to sequentially;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract shape;floral bract size">floral bracts subulate, lanceolate, or ovate, typically small.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower orientation;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower coloration;flower odor;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>not resupinate, magenta, deep rose-pink, pale-pink, or white, sometimes fragrant, sessile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="dorsal sepal shape">dorsal sepal lanceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="lateral sepal shape;lateral sepal shape;apex shape">lateral sepals ovate to nearly lanceolate, falcate, apex apiculate to acuminate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape;petal shape">petals linear, ovate, elliptic, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, sometimes pandurate, clawed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="lip shape;middle lobe shape;middle lobe size;lamina shape;lamina shape;lateral lobe quantity;lateral lobe size">lip basally hinged, obscurely 3-lobed, middle lobe distally dilated into triangular or broadly rounded lamina, large, lateral lobes 2, small;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="lamella quantity;lamella dehiscence or orientation;protuberance shape">disc with 2–3 longitudinal lamellae grading distally into brush of hairlike protuberances;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="protuberance coloration;protuberance coloration;protuberance coloration;protuberance shape;protuberance shape">protuberances white, yellow, or orange to magenta, elongate, filiform to clavellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="column course or shape;column shape">column arcuate, broadly dilated at distal end;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="anther position or structure subtype;anther coloration">anther terminal, green to crimson;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="pollinium quantity;pollinium pubescence or texture;pollinium pubescence or texture;pair quantity">pollinia 4 in 2 pairs, soft and mealy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="viscidium presence">viscidium absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="">pollen-grains in tetrads.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="fruits capsule orientation;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape;fruits capsule shape"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, erect, cylindric, ellipsoid, or obconic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="column duration;capsule life cycle">column persistent in mature capsule.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=e North America;West Indies (Bahamas);West Indies (Cuba) |discussion=<p>Species 5 (5 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Based on morphology and allozymes, D. W. Trapnell (1995) determined that all taxa she sampled, which did not include Calopogon oklahomensis and C. tuberosus var. latifolius, were properly circumscribed, although results were not strongly conclusive about relationships among the species. Based on DNA data, D. H. Goldman (2000) determined that C. multiflorus and C. pallidus are most closely related, although the relationships of the other taxa were not as certain. DNA evidence did support the circumscription of all taxa except C. tuberosus var. latifolius, which was in agreement with the work of P. M. Catling and Z. Lucas (1987). Plastid DNA sequences suggested that Calopogon is most closely related to the eastern North American genus Arethusa, and the Asian genera Anthogonium, Arundina, and Eleorchis (D. H. Goldman 2000; D. H. Goldman et al. 2001).</p><!-- --><p>Calopogon appears to exhibit deceit pollination (L. van der Pijl and C. H. Dodson 1966; L. B. Thien and B. G. Marcks 1972; D. H. Firmage and F. R. Cole 1988; J. T. Boland and P. J. Scott 1991). This occurs when pollinating bees land on the lip and try to gather pollen off the large hairlike protuberances that resemble anthers. The weight of the pollinator causes the lip to fall, dropping the pollinator backwards onto the column; pollinia adhere to the back of the bee and subsequently are carried to another flower. Soft pollinia in Calopogon had been noted to be an evolutionary reversal to facilitate pollination by hairy bees (W. P. Stoutamire 1971).</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Petals wider at distal half than at proximal half (distinctly pandurate); lip usually as wide as or wider than long; inflorescences dark purple; flowers pungent. |[[Calopogon multiflorus|Calopogon multiflorus]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Petals equal to or narrower at distal half than at proximal half; lip usually narrower than long; inflorescences green or slightly purple at base, rarely entirely purple; flowers scentless to mildly fragrant. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Leaf appressed to inflorescence at flowering; flowers less than 1 cm apart, not fragrant, opening nearly simultaneously. |[[Calopogon barbatus|Calopogon barbatus]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Leaf not appressed to inflorescence at flowering; flowers more than 1 cm apart, variously fragrant, opening nearly simultaneously to sequentially. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Petals lanceolate to weakly pandurate, falcate; floral bracts 1.5–4.5 mm; lateral sepals 10–15 mm, falcate, widely spreading. |[[Calopogon pallidus|Calopogon pallidus]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Petals obpandurate, slightly falcate to straight; floral bracts 3–12(–30) mm; lateral sepals 15–28 mm, weakly falcate to straight, occasionally spreading. |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Flowers opening sequentially; dilated distal portion of middle lip lobe usually much wider than long, typically anvil shaped; stigma at angle to column surface; corms globose to elongate, not forked. |[[Calopogon tuberosus|Calopogon tuberosus]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Flowers opening nearly simultaneously; dilated distal portion of middle lip lobe usually much narrower than long, triangular to broadly rounded; stigma typically flat against column surface; corms elongate, forked. |[[Calopogon oklahomensis|Calopogon oklahomensis]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Calopogon |author=Douglas H. Goldman;Lawrence K. Magrath;Paul M. Catling |authority=R. Brown |rank=genus |parent rank=subtribe |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Orchidaceae |distribution=e North America;West Indies (Bahamas);West Indies (Cuba) |reference=None |publication title=in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. |publication year=1813 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V26/V26_1220.xml |subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Epidendroideae |tribe=Orchidaceae tribe Arethuseae |subtribe=Orchidaceae (tribe Arethuseae) subtribe Bletiinae |genus=Calopogon |anther coloration=green;crimson |anther position or structure subtype=terminal |apex shape=apiculate;acuminate |blade architecture=veined |blade arrangement or vernation=conduplicate |blade shape=elliptic-lanceolate;lanceolate;elliptic-lanceolate;lanceolate;linear |capsule life cycle=mature |cauline bract architecture or shape=sheathing |cauline bract quantity=2;3 |column course or shape=arcuate |column duration=persistent |column shape=dilated |corm shape=forked;oblong;ellipsoid;globose |dorsal sepal shape=lanceolate |floral bract shape=ovate;lanceolate;ovate;lanceolate;subulate |floral bract size=small |flower architecture=sessile |flower coloration=white;pale-pink;white;pale-pink;rose-pink;deep;magenta |flower odor=fragrant |flower orientation=not resupinate |fruits capsule orientation=erect |fruits capsule shape=obconic;ellipsoid;obconic;ellipsoid;cylindric |inflorescence architecture=scapose;1-25-flowered |inflorescence atypical quantity=1;3 |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |inflorescence quantity=1 |lamella dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal |lamella quantity=2;3 |lamina shape=rounded;triangular |lateral lobe quantity=2 |lateral lobe size=small |lateral sepal shape=falcate;ovate;nearly lanceolate |leaf architecture=sessile |leaf atypical quantity=1;3 |leaf quantity=1 |lip shape=3-lobed |middle lobe shape=dilated |middle lobe size=large |pair quantity=2 |petal shape=clawed;pandurate;oblanceolate;lanceolate;oblanceolate;lanceolate;elliptic;ovate;linear |pollinium pubescence or texture=mealy;soft |pollinium quantity=4 |protuberance coloration=orange;magenta |protuberance shape=filiform;clavellate |root width=0.5mm;2mm |spike arrangement=racemose |stem pubescence=glabrous |viscidium presence=absent |whole_organism architecture=sympodial;scapose |whole_organism duration=perennial |whole_organism growth form=herb |whole_organism growth form or habitat=terrestrial }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae (tribe Arethuseae) subtribe Bletiinae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Orchidaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Calopogon.