familyCyperaceae
genusCarex
sectionCarex sect. Careyanae
speciesCarex laxiculmis
varietyCarex laxiculmis var. copulata

Carex laxiculmis var. copulata

(L. H. Bailey) Fernald

Rhodora 8: 183. 1906.

Charles T. Bryson, Robert F. C. Naczi
IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Carex digitalis var. copulata L. H. Bailey Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 47. 1889
Synonyms: Carex ×copulata (L. H. Bailey) Mackenzie
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 446. Mentioned on page 445.
Revision as of 02:08, 30 July 2020 by imported>Volume Importer
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Leaves usually bright green; widest blade 5.3–8.3 mm wide. Longest staminate spike 6–20 (–23) mm.


Phenology: Fruiting spring–early summer.
Habitat: Low, wet, deciduous or mixed deciduous-evergreen forests, mesic slopes to along edges of springs, seeps, and streams, usually clay soils
Elevation: 0–1000 m

Distribution

V23 822-distribution-map.jpg

Ont., Ala., Ark., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Mich., Mo., N.C., Ohio, Tenn., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Carex laxiculmis var. copulata has been treated as a variety of C. digitalis or C. laxiculmis, as a distinct species, and as a hybrid between C. digitalis and C. laxiculmis. Regular pairing during metaphase-I indicates that C. laxiculmis var. copulata is not a by-product of hybridization (R. F. C. Naczi 1999). In lateral spikes, a proximal sterile scale or scale subtending a staminate flower clearly places the affinity of this variety with C. laxiculmis rather than C. digitalis (C. T. Bryson 1980).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number."-3.5timeswiderthanbractblades" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."wide" is not a number.

... more about "Carex laxiculmis var. copulata"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
46 +  and 44 +
Achene length
0.22 cm2.2 mm <br />0.0022 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
Achene shape
concave;ovoid +
Achene size
fitting +
Achene width
1.2mm;1.8mm +
Adaxial side prominence
more prominent +
Anther fixation
basifixed +
Anther some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Apex pubescence
glabrous +
Apex shape
acute;cuspidate;acute +
Author
Charles T. Bryson +  and Robert F. C. Naczi +
Authority
(L. H. Bailey) Fernald +
Awn some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Basal sheath coloration
light-brown;white +
Basal sheath texture
not fibrous +
Base architecture or shape
truncate +
Base shape
tapering +
Basionyms
Carex digitalis var. copulata +
Beak shape
tapering +  and bent +
Blade presence
absent +
Blade prominence or shape
flat +
Blade shape
m--shaped +
Bract architecture
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
Bract architecture or shape
leaflike +
Bract arrangement
2-ranked +  and arranged +
Bract length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (11.8 cm118 mm <br />0.118 m <br />) +
Bract orientation
ascending +  and appressed +
Bract quantity
1;many +
Bract shape
scale-like +  and leaflike +
Bract width
0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br /> (0.48 cm4.8 mm <br />0.0048 m <br />) +
Branch atypical quantity
3 (4) +
Branch quantity
2;3 +
Bristle atypical quantity
6;30 +
Bristle quantity
3;6 +
Cauline leaf architecture
bladeless +
Cauline leaf architecture or shape
folded +
Cauline leaf arrangement
parallel +  and divergent +
Cauline leaf arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Cauline leaf orientation
Ascending (?) +
Cauline leaf prominence or shape
flat +
Cauline leaf shape
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
Cauline leaf some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +
Culm coloration
purple +  and brown +
Culm length
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (48 cm480 mm <br />0.48 m <br />) +
Culm orientation
spreading +, ascending +  and erect +
Culm shape
round +  and trigonous +
Culm width
0.6mm;1mm +
Distal scale architecture
empty +
Distribution
Ont. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, Mich. +, Mo. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Tenn. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
Elevation
0–1000 m +
Embryo position
basal +
Endosperm quantity
abundant +
Flower architecture
staminate +
Flower position
subtending +
Flower quantity
1 +  and 2 +
Flower reproduction
unisexual +
Fruits achene shape
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Habitat
Low, wet, deciduous or mixed deciduous-evergreen forests, mesic slopes to along edges of springs, seeps, and streams, usually clay soils +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Susan A. Reznicek +
Inflorescence arrangement
racemose +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescences panicle architecture
pseudoumbel +
Inflorescences panicle development
modified +
Lateral-vein prominence
more prominent +
Lateral-vein quantity
2 (?) +
Lateral spike architecture
prophyllate +, pedunculate +  and pistillate +
Lateral spike position
basal +
Leaf-blade coloration
green +
Leaf-blade length
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (36 cm360 mm <br />0.36 m <br />) +
Leaf-blade orientation
spreading +, ascending +  and erect +
Leaf-blade pubescence
glaucous +
Leaf-blade width
3mm;12mm +
Leaf arrangement
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
Leaf coloration
bright green +
Leaf position
basal +  and cauline +
Leaf pubescence
glabrous +
Ligule presence
absent +
Locule quantity
1 +
Longest spike architecture
staminate +
Longest spike atypical some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br />) +
Longest spike some measurement
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Margin coloration
reddish-brown +, hyaline +  and , +
Margin fusion
fused +
Midrib coloration
green +
Midvein fusion
distinct +
Nonbasal sheath some measurement
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (3.2 cm32 mm <br />0.032 m <br />) +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Orifice architecture or shape
entire +
Panicle arrangement
arranged +
Peduncle position
exserted +
Peduncle some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
Perianth life cycle
falling +
Perianth presence
absent +
Perianth quantity
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
Pericarp width
thin +
Perigynium architecture
veined +
Perigynium length
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Perigynium orientation
ascending +
Perigynium quantity
4 (9) +
Perigynium shape
Elliptic-ovoid (?) +
Perigynium width
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Phenology
Fruiting spring–early summer. +
Pistil architecture
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
Pistil fusion
fused +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Prophyll architecture
pistillate +
Prophyll atypical quantity
0 (3) +
Prophyll position
subtending +
Prophyll quantity
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
Proximal nonbasal bract architecture
bladeless +  and leaflike +
Proximal nonbasal bract architecture or shape
long-sheathing +
Proximal scale architecture
pistillate +
Proximal scale reproduction
sterile +
Publication title
Rhodora +
Publication year
1906 +
Raceme arrangement
arranged +
Reference
None +
Root derivation
adventitious +
Root texture
fibrous +
Scale architecture
staminate +  and pistillate +
Scale atypical quantity
6 (30) +
Scale length
3.5mm (4.5mm) +
Scale position
basal +  and proximal +
Scale quantity
1;0;1 +
Scale reproduction
fertile +
Scale shape
obovate;keeled +
Scale width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
Seed quantity
1 +
Sheath blade length
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (11.9 cm119 mm <br />0.119 m <br />) +
Sheath blade width
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
Sheath front texture
membranous +
Sheath shape
cylindric +
Shoot reproduction
vegetative +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23 822.xml +
Special status
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
Spike architecture
staminate +  and pistillate +
Spike arrangement
scattered +
Spike arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Spike atypical quantity
4 (5) +
Spike inflorescence position
exserted +
Spike inflorescence some measurement
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (9.5 cm95 mm <br />0.095 m <br />) +
Spike length
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
Spike orientation
drooping +
Spike position
basal +  and proximal +
Spike quantity
1;4 +
Spike width
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Spikelet architecture
1-flowered +
Stamen atypical quantity
1 (3) +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Stem architecture
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
Stem shape
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
Stigma quantity
3 +
Stigma relief
papillate +
Style architecture or shape
undivided +
Style arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Style duration
deciduous +
Style orientation
ascending +
Style shape
2-3(-4)-fid +
Style size
slender +
Synonyms
Carex ×copulata +
Taxon family
Cyperaceae +
Taxon name
Carex laxiculmis var. copulata +
Taxon parent
Carex laxiculmis +
Taxon rank
variety +
Terminal spike architecture
staminate +
Testa fusion
free +
Testa width
thin +
Volume
Volume 23 +
Whole organism architecture
short-rhizomatous +
Whole organism duration
perennial +
Whole organism growth form
plant +  and cespitose +
Widest blade width
5.3mm +  and 8.3mm +
X chromosome quantity
10 +