View source for Carex parallela subsp. parallela

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carex parallela subsp. parallela
|accepted_authority=
|publications=
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Carex;Carex sect. Physoglochin;Carex parallela;Carex parallela subsp. parallela
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carex]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Carex sect. Physoglochin]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Carex parallela]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subspecies</small>[[Carex parallela subsp. parallela]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 296
|treatment_page=page 300
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="rhizome orientation;rhizome shape;rhizome diam"><b>Rhizomes </b>ascending, cordlike, 0.5–1.4 mm in diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm orientation;culm arrangement;culm arrangement;culm atypical quantity;culm quantity;culm shape;culm architecture;culm some measurement"><b>Culms </b>arising singly or, occasionally, 2 (–4) together, weakly trigonous, distinctly furrowed, 5–30 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="lateral shoot reproduction;lateral shoot development;lateral shoot course">lateral sterile shoots conspicuously developed, curved.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width"><b>Leaf-</b>blades filiform, 1–9 (–12) cm × 0.4–1 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spike reproduction;spike reproduction;spike quantity"><b>Inflorescence </b>a unisexual spike (68% pistillate, 30% staminate) or, rarely, gynecandrous (2%);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="spike architecture;spike some measurement">staminate spikes 8–21 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="spike architecture;spike architecture;spike shape;spike length;spike width">pistillate spikes ± loosely 6–20-flowered, narrowly oblong to ellipsoid, 7–17 × 3–6 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="scale architecture;scale texture;scale width;margin coloration;margin width"><b>Pistillate </b>scales with margins yellowish, broad, scarious (almost hyaline), almost 1/2 width of central dark-brown portion.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="perigynium orientation;perigynium coloration;perigynium coloration or pubescence or relief;perigynium architecture or shape;perigynium shape;perigynium shape;perigynium length;perigynium width"><b>Perigynia </b>appressed to weakly spreading, reddish-brown, 13–18-striate and 2-ribbed, ovate to oblongovate, planoconvex, 2.8–3.5 × 1–1.3 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="beak some measurement;margin pubescence">beak 0.7–1 mm, margins glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="achene length;achene width;2n chromosome quantity"><b>Achenes </b>1.6–2 × 0.9–1.3 mm. <b>2n</b> = 43.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting late Jul–Sep.
|habitat=Grassy lowland or montane tundras, moss-rich fens, dwarf-shrub heaths, hillside flushes, river bed and lakeshore mires, and other wet substrates
|elevation=0–1100 m
|distribution=e Greenland (70–75° N);Europe (n Scandinavia);Asia (c Russia)
|discussion=<p>In Greenland, Carex parallela subsp. parallela occurs only in the Middle-Arctic Tundra Zone (following A. Elvebakk 1985). Carex parallela subsp. redowskiana (C. A. Meyer) T. V. Egorova, which occurs in arctic Russia and the northern Ural Mountains, differs from subsp. parallela primarily in having the perigynia a little larger (3–4.4 mm), more strongly beaked, and horizontally spreading at maturity as in C. gynocrates. Carex parallela can be mistaken for C. dioica, from which it is distinguished by the relatively stout rhizomes and more loosely flowered, narrowly oblong (in the case of subsp. parallela) pistillate spikes (the staminate spikes in both are slender and pale). The mature perigynia are loosely to strongly appressed-ascending, usually narrower, and tend to be more sharply angled and more prominently beaked.</p><!--
--><p>Intersectional hybrids with Carex lachenalii Schkuhr and C. maritima Gunnerus are known. The former hybrid is frequent in northeastern Greenland (T. W. Böcher et al. 1978) but more widespread in Finland, Sweden, and Norway (N. Hylander 1982). It seems to be rather uniform and in most characters intermediate between the parents. Carex maritima × C. parallela, an occasional hybrid in eastern Greenland (T. W. Böcher et al. 1978), more closely resembles C. parallela but has an ovoid terminal spike. Both hybrids may generally be distinguished from C. parallela by some or all of the following tendencies: terminal spike bisexual; 1–3 small accessory spikes at the base of the terminal one; perigynia small and misshapen; and achenes undeveloped.</p>
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carex parallela subsp. parallela
|authority=
|rank=subspecies
|parent rank=species
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting late Jul–Sep.
|habitat=Grassy lowland or montane tundras, moss-rich fens, dwarf-shrub heaths, hillside flushes, river bed and lakeshore mires, and other wet substrates
|elevation=0–1100 m
|distribution=e Greenland (70–75° N);Europe (n Scandinavia);Asia (c Russia)
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23_522.xml
|genus=Carex
|section=Carex sect. Physoglochin
|species=Carex parallela
|subspecies=Carex parallela subsp. parallela
|2n chromosome quantity=43
|achene length=1.6mm;2mm
|achene width=0.9mm;1.3mm
|beak some measurement=0.7mm;1mm
|culm architecture=furrowed
|culm arrangement=,;singly
|culm atypical quantity=2;4
|culm orientation=arising
|culm quantity=2
|culm shape=trigonous
|culm some measurement=5cm;30cm
|lateral shoot course=curved
|lateral shoot development=developed
|lateral shoot reproduction=sterile
|leaf-blade atypical length=9cm;12cm
|leaf-blade length=1cm;9cm
|leaf-blade shape=filiform
|leaf-blade width=0.4mm;1mm
|margin coloration=yellowish
|margin pubescence=glabrous
|margin width=broad
|perigynium architecture or shape=2-ribbed
|perigynium coloration=reddish-brown
|perigynium coloration or pubescence or relief=13-18-striate
|perigynium length=2.8mm;3.5mm
|perigynium orientation=appressed;weakly spreading
|perigynium shape=planoconvex;ovate
|perigynium width=1mm;1.3mm
|rhizome diam=0.5mm;1.4mm
|rhizome orientation=ascending
|rhizome shape=cordlike
|scale architecture=pistillate
|scale texture=scarious
|scale width=1/2 width of central dark-brown portion
|spike architecture=6-20-flowered;pistillate;staminate
|spike length=7mm;17mm
|spike quantity=[2%]
|spike reproduction=gynecandrous;unisexual
|spike shape=narrowly oblong;ellipsoid
|spike some measurement=8mm;21mm
|spike width=3mm;6mm
}}<!--

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