Castilleja hololeuca

Greene

W. Amer. Sci. 3: 3. 1886.

Common names: Channel Islands paintbrush
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Castilleja lanata subsp. hololeuca (Greene) T. I. Chuang & Heckard
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 614. Mentioned on page 570, 572, 575, 609, 613, 618.
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Shrubs or subshrubs, 3–10 dm; from a woody caudex; with thick, woody roots. Stems many, erect to spreading, much-branched with many short axillary shoots, proximal stems reaching 1+ cm wide, white-felted, hairs dense, spreading to ± appressed, intertwined, long, soft, slightly branched, obscuring surface. Leaves ash gray, leaves of previous year persisting on proximal stem, linear, older leaves sometimes broadly linear, 1–5 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 0-lobed, apex obtuse; lobes ascending, linear-lanceolate, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute. Inflorescences 3–16 × 2–4 cm; bracts pale gray-green throughout, or proximally pale gray-green, distally red or yellow, proximal linear, distal broader, often oblanceolate to obovate, (0–) 3-lobed; lobes spreading, linear to oblong, short to long, arising below mid length, apex rounded to truncate or acute. Calyces colored as bracts, with conspicuous whitish veins, 14–18 (–20) mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 5–12 mm, 30–67% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 0 mm or nearly so, ca. 0% of calyx length; lobes linear-lanceolate, apex rounded, truncate, or emarginate. Corollas slightly curved in proximal 1/3, 14–26 (–31) mm; tube 9–17 mm; abaxial lip not exserted, beak exserted; beak adaxially green to yellowish, 11–14 mm; abaxial lip ascending, deep green, reduced, 2–3 mm, less than 33% as long as beak; teeth reduced to apiculations, deep green, 1–1.5 mm.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–Oct.
Habitat: Coastal sage scrub, chaparral slopes and flats, ledges, forest edges.
Elevation: 0–500 m.

Discussion

Castilleja hololeuca is endemic to the four major islands of the northern Channel Islands. It is similar to C. lanata, a mostly Mexican species that reaches Arizona, New Mexico, and southwest Texas. However, C. hololeuca appears to be more closely related to C. foliolosa, a species of the California mainland. These three species, and C. galehintoniae G. L. Nesom of Nuevo León, all share a distinctive, thick indument of pale, matted, and often branched hairs on the stems and leaves. Large individuals of C. hololeuca form thick, woody trunks. On Anacapa Island, closest to the mainland, red-flowered forms of C. hololeuca predominate. On Santa Cruz Island, to the west, both red- and yellow-bracted forms are fairly common, usually in separate populations. Further offshore, on San Miguel and Santa Rosa islands, most plants are yellow to, occasionally, peach in coloration. Reports of this species from Santa Barbara and Santa Catalina Islands are referable to other species, mostly C. foliolosa. Populations of C. hololeuca historically declined from grazing by introduced game and livestock species. The plants are recovering well, following removal of the grazing animals, and are now common in many areas, especially on San Miguel Island.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

No values specified."broader" is not a number.

... more about "Castilleja hololeuca"
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
emarginate +  and truncate +
rounded +  and truncate or acute +
J. Mark Egger +, Peter F. Zika +, Barbara L. Wilson +, Richard E. Brainerd +  and Nick Otting +
Greene +
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
not +, leathery +  and fleshy +
yellow;red;pale gray-green;pale gray-green +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
lateral +  and deeper +
2-lobed +, lobed +  and tubular +
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br />) +
taprooted;fibrous-rooted or rhizomatous +
fleshy +  and woody +
Channel Islands paintbrush +
2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br /> (3.1 cm31 mm <br />0.031 m <br />) +
purple +, pink +, red +, orange +, yellow +, white +, green +  and pale greenish +
divided +  and tubular +
1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br /> (2.6 cm26 mm <br />0.026 m <br />) +
(0-)3-lobed;oblanceolate;obovate +
0–500 m. +
spreading-hairy +  and glabrous +
2 +  and 1 +
indehiscent +, septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
Coastal sage scrub, chaparral slopes and flats, ledges, forest edges. +
intertwined +
spreading +  and more or less appressed +
stipitate-glandular +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (16 cm160 mm <br />0.16 m <br />) +
axillary +  and terminal +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
spiral +, whorled +, alternate +  and opposite +
persisting +
basal +  and cauline +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
not fleshy +
spreading +  and ascending +
3 (?) +, 2 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
linear-lanceolate +, linear +  and oblong +
subequal +
short to long +
0-lobed +  and plane +
tenuinucellate +  and unitegmic +
campylotropous-like +
Flowering Mar–Oct. +
W. Amer. Sci. +
stramineous +
20 +  and 100 +
trapezoidal +, oblong-ovoid +, pyramidal +  and ovoid +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
non-secund +  and secund +
elongate +
subequal +
much-branched +
sprawling +  and prostrate +
aerial +  and subterranean +
erect +  and spreading +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
not fleshy +
2-lobed +  and entire +
Castilleja lanata subsp. hololeuca +
Castilleja hololeuca +
Castilleja +
species +
reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.7 cm17 mm <br />0.017 m <br />) +
conspicuous +
biennial +, perennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and shrub +