View source for Cornus ← Cornus You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Cornus |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=1: 117. 1753 |year=1753 }} |common_names=Dogwood |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Cornaceae;Cornus |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cornaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cornus]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin cornu, horn, alluding to the hard wood |volume=Volume 12 |mention_page=page 444 |treatment_page=page 443 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;branch growth form or orientation"><b>Herbs,</b> shrubs, or trees, clonal from rhizomes, rooting from decumbent branches, or aclonal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="hair architecture;arm height or length or size;arm relief;arm length or size;arm orientation;arm course;arm architecture">hairs 1-celled, arms either short and ornamented with micropapillae and calcium carbonate crystals, or long, erect, curling, and twisted.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="blade shape"><b>Leaves:</b> blade lanceolate to broadly ovate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="abaxial surface relief">abaxial surface often papillate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="bract fusion;distal portion size;distal portion duration;distal portion size;involucre prominence"><b>Inflorescences:</b> bracts adnate to inflorescence branches, distal portion either minute and caducous or expanding into showy, nonchlorophyllous involucres.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="pedicel presence;pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="hypanthium shape;hypanthium shape"><b>Flowers:</b> hypanthium turbinate or urceolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petal orientation;petal orientation;petal coloration;petal coloration or density">petals spreading or recurved, usually cream, rarely purple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="stamen position">stamens exserted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="anther fixation;anther fixation">anthers dorsifixed, versatile.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties=""><b>Drupes </b>globose, subglobose, or ellipsoid, slightly fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="drupe shape;drupe shape;drupe shape;drupe shape;drupe shape;drupe texture;x chromosome quantity">x = 11.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;n;w South America;Eurasia;Africa;predominately northern boreal and temperate regions;also high elevations in subtropical and tropical regions |discussion=<p>Species ca. 60 (20 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Cornus as treated here is a monophyletic genus (Z. E. Murrell 1993; Xiang Q. Y. et al. 2006) that has at various times been more narrowly circumscribed by other authors who have chosen to recognize morphological variation in this diverse group as worthy of generic segregation [for example, Arctocrania (Endlicher) Nakai, Benthamia Lindley (not A. Richard), Benthamidia Spach, Chamaepericlymenum Hill, Cynoxylon (Rafinesque) Small, Eukrania Rafinesque, Macrocarpium (Spach) Nakai, Swida Opiz, and Thelycrania (Dumortier) Fourreau]. Cornus is retained here as a coherent group, maintaining subgenera as more appropriate biological units for recognition of this variation.</p><!-- --><p>Some North American members of Cornus are susceptible to fungal pathogens that may cause severe species decline, such as Dogwood Anthracnose (Discula destructiva) in association with C. florida and C. nuttallii, or the less virulent but still destructive Cryptodiaporthe Canker (Cryptodiaporthe corni), which is restricted to C. alternifolia.</p> |tables= |references={{Treatment/Reference |id=eyde1988a |text=Eyde, R. H. 1988. Comprehending Cornus: Puzzles and progress in the systematics of dogwoods. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 54: 233–351. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=ferguson1966a |text=Ferguson, I. K. 1966. Notes on the nomenclature of Cornus. J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 100–105. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=ferguson1966b |text=Ferguson, I. K. 1966b. The Cornaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 106–116. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=murrell1992a |text=Murrell, Z. E. 1992. Systematics of the Genus Cornus (Cornaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. Duke University. }}{{Treatment/Reference |id=murrell1993a |text=Murrell, Z. E. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships in Cornus (Cornaceae). Syst. Bot. 18: 469–495. }} }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Bracts petaloid, subtending inflorescences. |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Perennial herbs; inflorescences congested cymes; pedicels present. |[[Cornus subg. Arctocrania|Cornus subg. Arctocrania]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Trees; inflorescences capitula; pedicels absent. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Drupes within inflorescence fused into a syncarp. |[[Cornus subg. Syncarpea|Cornus subg. Syncarpea]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Drupes distinct. |[[Cornus subg. Cynoxylon|Cornus subg. Cynoxylon]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Bracts not petaloid, subtending inflorescences or not. |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Inflorescences umbels, bracts well developed, subtending inflorescence and enclosing it over winter. |[[Cornus subg. Cornus|Cornus subg. Cornus]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Inflorescences cymes, bracts minute, subtending primary and secondary inflorescence branches. |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Branches and leaves alternate; stone apex with cavity. |[[Cornus subg. Mesomora|Cornus subg. Mesomora]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Branches and leaves usually opposite, rarely whorled, subopposite, or alternate at some nodes; stone apex rounded, pointed, or with slight dimple. |[[Cornus subg. Thelycrania|Cornus subg. Thelycrania]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Cornus |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Cornaceae |distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;n;w South America;Eurasia;Africa;predominately northern boreal and temperate regions;also high elevations in subtropical and tropical regions |reference=eyde1988a;ferguson1966a;ferguson1966b;murrell1992a;murrell1993a |publication title=Sp. Pl. |publication year=1753 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_1046.xml |genus=Cornus |abaxial surface relief=papillate |anther fixation=versatile;dorsifixed |arm architecture=twisted |arm course=curling |arm height or length or size=short |arm length or size=long |arm orientation=erect |arm relief=ornamented |blade shape=lanceolate;broadly ovate |bract fusion=adnate |branch growth form or orientation=decumbent |distal portion duration=caducous |distal portion size=expanding;minute |drupe shape=ellipsoid;subglobose;ellipsoid;subglobose;globose |drupe texture=fleshy |hair architecture=1-celled |hypanthium shape=urceolate;turbinate |involucre prominence=showy |pedicel presence=absent;absent |petal coloration=cream |petal coloration or density=purple |petal orientation=recurved;spreading |stamen position=exserted |whole_organism architecture=rooting |whole_organism growth form=tree;shrub;clonal;herb |x chromosome quantity=11 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cornaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Cornaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Template:Treatment/Reference (view source) Return to Cornus.