Crataegus submollis

Sargent

Bot. Gaz. 31: 7. 1901.

Common names: Northern downy hawthorn northern red haw aubépine subsoyeuse
Endemic
Synonyms: Crataegus arnoldiana Sargent C. canadensis Sargent C. champlainensis Sargent
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 556. Mentioned on page 551, 552, 553, 554, 557, 594, 595, 640.

Shrubs, sometimes trees, 60–70 dm. Stems: twigs: new growth appressed-pubescent, 1-year old tan to brown, older gray; thorns on twigs usually numerous, straight to curved, 2-years old shiny blackish, ± thick, 4–7 cm. Leaves: petiole length 30–50% blade, densely pubescent, ± glandular, glands black; blade ± broadly ovate to rhombic-elliptic, 4–9 (–11) cm, chartaceous, base cuneate to almost truncate, lobes 3–5 per side, obscure on smaller leaves, sinuses shallow to moderately deep, lobe apex acuminate, margins sharply, doubly serrate, on larger leaves teeth 2–3 mm, gland-tipped at least initially, veins 5–7 per side, apex acute to subobtuse, abaxial surface sparsely appressed-pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, veins abaxially pubescent, adaxial densely scabrous-pubescent young, variably glabrescent. Inflorescences 5–15-flowered; branches densely pubescent; bracteoles caducous, linear, membranous, margins sessile-glandular, larger similar but late-deciduous, more herbaceous. Flowers 20–22 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular, 6–7 mm, margins deeply glandular-serrate, abaxially pubescent; stamens 10 (or 20), anthers ivory; styles (3–) 5. Pomes bright red, suborbicular to pyriform or ellipsoid, 10–15 mm diam., hairy, especially proximally and distally; sepals prominent, erect-patent, stiff; pyrenes 3–5.2n = 68.


Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat: Brush, natural hedgerows, field margins, apparently calciphile
Elevation: 20–400 m

Distribution

V9 943-distribution-map.jpg

N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Maine, Mass., Mich., N.H., N.Y., Ohio, Pa., Vt., Wis., in Europe

Discussion

Crataegus submollis ranges from eastern Wisconsin and northern Michigan through the limestone areas of southern Ontario into Quebec, and New York to Maine and southern Nova Scotia. It is occasionally found in Pennsylvania and is plausible for northern West Virginia. It is allopatric with C. mollis. Crataegus submollis has also been recorded wild in Europe, including France and northern Italy.

Crataegus submollis, though quite similar to C. mollis, differs in its distribution, stature, petiole glandularity, stamen number, and greater thorniness.

The typical form of Crataegus submollis has proportionately broader leaves that are broadly cuneate to subcordate basally. By contrast, C. champlainensis is a form with proportionately narrower leaves more or less truncate to subcordate at the base. Intermediate forms are common in Quebec and New England. Placing the 20-stamen C. canadensis, a distinctive local form from the Montreal area, with C. submollis is based on leaf shape, glandular petioles, and disjunction from the range of C. mollis. Crataegus arnoldiana is a form with particularly large fruit.

Possession of glandular petioles and similar flowering time means that Crataegus submollis can sometimes show surprising similarity to large specimens of C. chrysocarpa. Then, the large fruiting calyces and the tendency to a more herbaceous larger bracteole type of C. submollis, typical for ser. Molles, differentiate.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"pubescent" is not a number."thin" is not a number."pubescent" is not a number."adnate" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Crataegus submollis"
glabrescent +  and appressed-pubescent +
glabrescent +  and scabrous-pubescent +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
acute;subobtuse +
James B. Phipps +
Sargent +
orangebrown +
thin-exfoliating +  and corrugated +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
cuneate to almost +
Molles +
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (11 cm110 mm <br />0.11 m <br />) +
less broadly ovate +  and rhombic-elliptic +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
coriaceous +
adnate +  and distinct +
crowded +, scattered +  and alternate +
Northern downy hawthorn +, northern red haw +  and aubépine subsoyeuse +
N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Maine +, Mass. +, Mich. +, N.H. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, Vt. +, Wis. +  and in Europe +
not +  and aggregated +
20–400 m +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.2 cm22 mm <br />0.022 m <br />) +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
not +  and aggregated +
yellow +  and red or purplish +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
gray +, tan +  and brown +
older +  and new +
appressed-pubescent +
Brush, natural hedgerows, field margins, apparently calciphile +
constricted +
crassinucellate +
deciduous +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
glandular-serrate +  and serrate +
late-deciduous +
glandular-laciniate to glandular-serrate +  and oblong +
inferior +  and superior +
biseriate +  and clustered +
collateral +  and basal +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
elliptic +  and circular +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
pink +  and white +
free +  and distinct +
post-mature +
Flowering May–Jun +  and fruiting Sep–Oct. +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
dark gray-brown +  and russet +
exfoliating +  and corrugated +
pruinose +
bright red +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
suborbicular +  and pyriform or ellipsoid +
not arillate +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
erect-patent +
triangular +
accrescent +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
1-50-flowered +  and few-leaved +
shallow +  and moderately deep +
free +  and distinct +
branched +  and simple +
persistent +
distinct +
exsert +  and lateral +
elongate +
glabrous +  and tomentose +
Crataegus arnoldiana +, C. canadensis +  and C. champlainensis +
Crataegus submollis +
Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Molles +
species +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br />) +
straight +  and curved +
slender +  and stout +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
craspedodromous +  and gland-tipped +
inconspicuous +
less erect +  and oblique +
1 +  and several +
straight +
determinate +
5 (?) +  and 7 (?) +
tree +  and shrub +