Cyrto-hypnum minutulum

(Hedwig) W. R. Buck & H. A. Crum

Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 66. 1990.

Basionym: Hypnum minutulum Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 260. 1801
Synonyms: Thuidium minutulum (Hedwig) Schimper
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 377. Mentioned on page 376.

Stems weakly and irregularly 2-pinnate, stems and branches smooth; paraphyllia 2–3 (–5) cells in length, cells 2: 1, only apical cell papillose. Stem-leaves erect-incurved when dry, broadly ovate, 0.3–0.5 (–0.6) mm; apex ± abruptly short and broadly acuminate; costa 4/5 leaf length. Branch leaves erect-incurved when dry, 0.2–0.3 mm; apex acute; costa 3/4 leaf length, straight, covered with quadrate cells apically, projecting as low crests. Perichaetial leaves with margins subentire basally, serrulate distally. Seta smooth. Capsule with endostome cilia 1–2 (–3).


Phenology: Capsules mature early spring–fall [Feb–Aug(-Oct)].
Habitat: Moist woods, rotten logs, rock, limestone, base of trees
Elevation: low to moderate elevations

Distribution

V28 592-distribution-map.gif

N.B., Ont., Ala., Ark., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, La., Maine, Md., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n, c South America, Europe

Discussion

Cyrto-hypnum minutulum is often confused with others in the family because of its wide range in eastern North America. In the southernmost part of the flora area, C. involvens is distinguished by quadrate-celled paraphyllia and a rough seta. Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeum is more delicate with elaborate branching, leaves erect when dry rather than more or less incurved, and papillose branches and stems. Rauiella scita has laminal cells strongly bulging, is more robust, 1-pinnate with larger, quadrate-celled paraphyllia, and has longer acuminate stem leaves. All the true species of Thuidium have branched paraphyllia and cells papillose only abaxially. Haplocladium (Leskeaceae) has 1-papillose laminal cells. Similarly, plants of Elodium blandowii (Helodiaceae) have 1-papillose laminal cells and are branched and long-celled.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"straight" is not a number.

... more about "Cyrto-hypnum minutulum"
3-seriate +  and 2-seriate +
differentiated +
acute +  and acuminate +
William R. Buck +
(Hedwig) W. R. Buck & H. A. Crum +
Hypnum minutulum +
ovate;oblong-ovate +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
roughened +  and smooth +
cucullate +
inclined;horizontal +
cylindric +
1 +  and 2 +
papillose +
quadrate +
differentiated +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
nodulose +
percurrent +  and excurrent +
3/4 +  and 4/5 +
N.B. +, Ont. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, n +, c South America +  and Europe +
low to moderate elevations +
shouldered +  and bordered +
Moist woods, rotten logs, rock, limestone, base of trees +
autoicous +  and sexual +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
erect-incurved +
crenulate-papillose +
subentire +
long-rostrate +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
oblong-lanceolate +  and oblong-ovate +
Capsules mature early spring–fall [Feb–Aug(-Oct)]. +
Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. +
papillose;smooth +
elongate +
spheric +
broadly triangular +  and broadly ovate +
not stipitate +
ascending +  and creeping +
differentiated +
Thuidium minutulum +
Cyrto-hypnum minutulum +
Cyrto-hypnum +
species +
specialized +
dioicous +, autoicous +, sexual +  and asexual +
dark green;golden brown +