Eleocharis atropurpurea

(Retzius) J. Presl & C. Presl in C. B. Presl

in C. B. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 196. 1828.

Common names: Purple spikerush
Illustrated
Basionym: Scirpus atropurpureus Retzius Observ. Bot. 5: 14. 1789
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 102. Mentioned on page 63, 101.

Plants tufted, without creeping rhizomes. Culms 2–12 (–19) cm × 0.2–0.4 mm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths firm, distally tightly sheathing, apex acute. Spikelets ovoid to ellipsoid, 2–6 (–8) × 1–2.5 mm, apex acute; proximal scale with or without flower, not amplexicaulous; floral scales to 100, 15–19 per mm of rachilla, often loosely appressed, dark redbrown to stramineous, ovate to elliptic, 0.6–1.3 × 0.3–0.7 mm, membranous, apex rounded to acute. Flowers: perianth bristles (0–) 4–6, typically 4, colorless to whitish, vestigial to 1/2 as long as achene, smooth or spinuliferous; styles 2-fid. Achenes black, obovoid, biconvex, 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apex often constricted proximal to tubercle, smooth at 40X. Tubercles stramineous to whitish, umbonate to subconic, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm, apex acute. 2n = 20.


Phenology: Fruiting summer–fall (Jun–Sep).
Habitat: Canal banks, hammocks, irrigation ditches, lake and pond margins, maritime shores, rice fields
Elevation: 0–1800 m

Distribution

V23 152-distribution-map.jpg

B.C., Ala., Calif., Fla., Ga., Iowa, Kans., La., Mich., Mo., Nebr., N.Mex., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tex., Wash., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Europe (naturalized), Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands

Discussion

Eleocharis atropurpurea has been reported from Colorado, Montana, and Virginia; I have not seen voucher specimens.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number.

... more about "Eleocharis atropurpurea"
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
biconvex;obovoid +
0.3mm;0.4mm +
acute;rounded;acute +
constricted +
Francis J. Menapace +
(Retzius) J. Presl & C. Presl in C. B. Presl +
flattened +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
persistent +
enlarged +
Scirpus atropurpureus +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
Purple spikerush +
12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br /> (19 cm190 mm <br />0.19 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
0.2mm;0.4mm +
B.C. +, Ala. +, Calif. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, La. +, Mich. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.Mex. +, N.C. +, Okla. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, Wash. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, South America +, Europe (naturalized) +, Asia +, Africa +  and Pacific Islands +
0–1800 m +
dark redbrown +  and stramineous +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.13 cm1.3 mm <br />0.0013 m <br />) +
ovate +  and elliptic +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
not amplexicaulous +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Canal banks, hammocks, irrigation ditches, lake and pond margins, maritime shores, rice fields +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
flattened +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
Fruiting summer–fall (Jun–Sep). +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
stramineous;medium brown or red brown or blackish brown +
in C. B. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. +
ascending +  and horizontal +
caudex-like +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
adventitious +
basal +  and proximal +
2-keeled +
cylindric +
Illustrated +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
ovoid;ellipsoid +
1mm;2.5mm +
1 +  and 3 +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
Eleocharis +
Eleocharis atropurpurea +
Eleocharis (sect. Eleogenus) ser. Maculosae +
species +
stramineous;whitish +
0.1mm;0.2mm +
umbonate +  and subconic +
0.1mm +  and 0.2mm +
not +  and rhizomatous +
perennial +  and annual +