Eleocharis elliptica

Kunth

Enum. Pl. 2: 146. 1837.

Common names: Éléocharide elliptique
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Eleocharis capitata var. borealis Svenson Eleocharis compressa var. atrata Svenson Eleocharis compressa var. borealis Drepalik & Mohlenbrock Eleocharis tenuis var. atrata (Svenson) B. Boivin Eleocharis tenuis var. borealis (Svenson) Gleason
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Mentioned on page 85, 86, 87.

Plants perennial, mat-forming; rhizomes evident, fairly long to long, 0.5–2.5 mm thick, hard, cortex persistent, longer internodes 2–10 mm, scales persistent, sometimes decaying to coarse fibers, 5–10 mm, membranous to papery. Culms subterete to sometimes compressed, to (2–) 3 times as wide as thick, often with (4–) 5–10 ridges or angles, 5–90 cm × 0.3–0.8 mm, firm to soft, spongy. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent, not splitting, proximally dark red, distally green to stramineous or red, thinly papery to membranous, apex usually redbrown, obtuse to subacute, often callose, tooth to 0.5 mm usually present on some culms. Spikelets ovoid, 3–8 × 2–3 (–4) mm, apex obtuse (to acute); proximal scales amplexicaulous, apex entire; subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales spreading in fruit, 10–30, 5–7 per mm of rachilla, medium to very dark-brown, midrib region often paler, ovate, 1.7–3 × 1–1.5 mm, apex rounded to obtuse (or acute), entire or shallowly notched (emarginate) or sometimes cut to 0.5 (–0.7) mm deep, apical colorless hyaline part at least as wide as long, 0.2–0.7 mm, carinate in distal part of spikelet. Flowers: perianth bristles absent or rarely 1–3, pale-brown, to 1/2 of achene length, sparsely retrorsely spinulose; stamens 3; anthers orangebrown, 0.8–1.7 mm; styles 3-fid or some 2-fid. Achenes persistent after scales fall, usually lemon yellow or dark yellow, orange, or medium brown, rarely greenish, obpyriform, nearly equilaterally to compressedtrigonous, often some biconvex, angles evident to prominent, 0.7–1.2 × 0.6–0.9 mm, neck short or absent, finely to coarsely rugulose at 10X, 12–20 horizontal ridges in vertical series, usually finely cancellate at 10–20X. Tubercles brown to whitish, greatly depressed, apiculate, sometimes pyramidal, 0.1–0.25 × 0.25–0.45 mm. 2n = 38.


Phenology: Fruiting late spring–summer.
Habitat: Very wet, calcareous (or brackish) shores, pool margins, fens, meadows, prairies
Elevation: 0–1000 m

Distribution

V23 117-distribution-map.jpg

Alta., B.C., Man., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.Dak., Pa., Tenn., Vt., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Eleocharis elliptica is very variable in rhizome thickness, internode length, culm thickness and cross section shape, presence of a tooth on the distal leaf sheath, floral scale shape, stigma number, and achene color, cross section shape, and surface sculpturing. It is difficult to separate E. elliptica from E. tenuis and E. compressa.

Three varieties have been recognized: (1) E. elliptica var. elliptica, characterized by rhizomes 0.5–1.5 mm thick with the longer internodes 2.5–10 mm, culms terete to subterete, and floral scales entire to shallowly emarginate; (2) E. elliptica var. atrata (Svenson) S. G. Smith, characterized by rhizomes 1.5–2.5 mm thick with the longer internodes very crowded to 5 mm, culms often compressed, to 2 times wider than thick, and floral scales mostly emarginate or deeply cut; 3) E. elliptica var. pseudoptera (Svenson) L. J. Harms, herein placed in E. tenuis.

Varieties of Eleocharis elliptica are not formally recognized herein because they intergrade greatly. Eleocharis elliptica var. atrata is intermediate between E. elliptica var. elliptica and E. compressa var. compressa; it has usually been placed in E. compressa but is better placed in E. elliptica because the type of var. atrata is more like E. elliptica (S. G. Smith 2001). Eleocharis tenuis var. pseudoptera Svenson might also be treated as E. elliptica var. pseudoptera following L. J. Harms (1972), who also reported that he produced fertile E. compressa × E. elliptica hybrids. I have not seen voucher specimens for any of the chromosome numbers or hybrids that Harms reported for any of the species and varieties discussed above. My field observations in calcareous fens in Wisconsin suggest that E. elliptica var. elliptica is adapted to microhabitats where the surface soil is permanently saturated by groundwater discharge; E. compressa var. compressa is adapted to microhabitats such as depressions in prairies and exposed limestone that are dry in summer; E. elliptica var. atrata is adapted to microhabitats that are intermediate between those of typical E. elliptica and those of E. compressa (S. G. Smith 2001).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number.

... more about "Eleocharis elliptica"
greenish +, brown +, medium +, orange +, dark yellow +  and lemon yellow +
persistent +
cancellate or reticulate +  and rugulose +
biconvex;obpyriform +
color +  and texture +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br />) +
evident +  and prominent +
0.6mm;0.9mm +
orangebrown +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br />) +
sometimes cut to 0.5(-0.7) mm;rounded;obtuse entire or shallowly notched +
colorless hyaline +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
S. Galen Smith* +, Jeremy J. Bruhl* +, M. Socorro González-Elizondo* +  and Francis J. Menapace* +
flattened +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
persistent +
enlarged +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
Éléocharide elliptique +
persistent +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (90 cm900 mm <br />0.9 m <br />) +
compressed +  and subterete to sometimes +
spongy;firm;soft +
0.3mm;0.8mm +
distally green +  and stramineous or red +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Conn. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Pa. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0–1000 m +
membranous +  and thinly papery +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Very wet, calcareous (or brackish) shores, pool margins, fens, meadows, prairies +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
flattened +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
rugulose +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
Fruiting late spring–summer. +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
stramineous;medium brown or red brown or blackish brown +
fairly long +  and long +
ascending +  and horizontal +
caudex-like +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
adventitious +
persistent +
basal +  and proximal +
2-keeled +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
membranous +  and papery +
cylindric +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
2-fid +, some +  and 3-fid +
Eleocharis capitata var. borealis +, Eleocharis compressa var. atrata +, Eleocharis compressa var. borealis +, Eleocharis tenuis var. atrata +  and Eleocharis tenuis var. borealis +
Eleocharis elliptica +
Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Eleocharis +
species +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
brown;whitish +
0.1mm;0.25mm +
pyramidal +  and depressed +
0.25mm +  and 0.45mm +
plant +  and mat-forming +