Eleocharis intermedia

Schultes

Mant. 2: 91. 1824.

Common names: Éléocharide intermédiaire
IllustratedEndemic
Basionym: Scirpus intermedius Muhlenberg Descr. Gram., 31. 1817,
Synonyms: Eleocharis intermedia var. habereri Fernald Eleocharis reclinata
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 96. Mentioned on page 69, 97.

Plants annual, densely tufted; rhizomes present, inconspicuous, erect or ascending, 0.5 mm thick, internodes less than 2 mm, scales disintegrating, 3 mm, membranous-translucent. Culms often arching or recurved or reclining, their spikelets usually all fruiting simultaneously, long to very short in 1 tuft, subterete, 4–40 cm × 0.2–0.5 mm, soft. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent and evident or disintegrating (fugaceous) and not evident, proximally green or stramineous, brown, reddish, or purple, distally stramineous to green or colorless, papery to membranous, apex subacute to acuminate, sometimes with linear blade to 1 mm. Spikelets: basal spikelets absent (often some spikelets subsessile); never proliferous, ovoid, terete, 2–10 × 1–2 mm, apex acute; proximal scale empty or with a flower (usually in the same plant), deciduous or some persistent, amplexicaulous, similar to other scales (except apex sometimes rounded); subproximal scale with a flower; floral scales spiraled, 5–30, 5–6 per mm of rachilla, pale-brown to colorless, often spotted brown, ovate, 1.5–2 × 1 mm, thinly membranous to translucent, midribs often green, evident to obscure, apex acute. Flowers: perianth bristles 6–7, pale-brown to stramineous or whitish, slender, equaling to exceeding tubercles or rarely rudimentary to less than 1/2 achene length; spinules sparse, retrorse, sharply acute; stamens 3 (sometimes fewer?); anthers 0.2–0.5 mm; styles 3-fid. Achenes golden brown, narrowly obpyriform, proximally markedly narrowed, compressedtrigonous, angles slightly prominent, 0.9–1 × 0.6–0.75 mm, finely reticulate or pitted or papillose at 20–30X, apex usually constricted proximal to tubercle. Tubercles brown, narrowly pyramidal to linear, trigonous, 0.3–0.4 × 0.1–0.25 mm. 2n = 22.


Phenology: Fruiting (spring–)summer–fall.
Habitat: Fresh wet, often marly places along streams, lakeshores, tidal meadows, disturbed areas
Elevation: 10–100 m

Distribution

V23 140-distribution-map.jpg

N.B., Ont., Que., Conn., Ill., Ind., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Pa., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

The flowers are mostly cleistogamous, with stigmas and stamens remaining enclosed in the floral scales except sometimes on the shortest culms. We have not seen specimens to confirm literature reports of E. intermedia from Iowa.

Eleocharis intermedia perhaps should be placed in sect. Intermediae (Svenson) Zinserling following I. Kukkonen (1990). H. K. Svenson (1929) placed it in his E. ser. Intermediae (name invalid) but later (1937, 1957) placed it in his E. subser. Truncatae (name invalid), and M. S. González-E. and P. M. Peterson (1997) placed it in E. subser. Truncatae. However, E. intermedia differs from all other members of ser. Eleocharis in its annual, tufted habit without evident, creeping rhizomes, culms varying in one tuft from long to very short, often with some spikelets subsessile, all spikelets of a tuft fruiting simultaneously, and the proximal scale often subtending a flower. It was placed in ser. Tenuissimae because of a resemblance to some other species of that series; closer observation reveals that it differs substantially in its achenes or habit from other members of ser. Tenuissimae. It rather closely resembles E. flavescens var. olivacea and E. geniculata in 8a2a. ser. Maculosae as well as small plants of species in 8a2b. ser. Ovatae.

Eleocharis macounii Fernald had been treated as a distinct species, or included within E. intermedia, E. obtusa, or E. ovata in the broad sense (including E. obtusa). P. M. Catling and S. G. Hay (1993) presented morphologic evidence suggesting that E. macounii Fernald is a hybrid between E. intermedia and E. obtusa, and named it E. ×macounii (Fernald) P. M. Catling & S. G. Hay. It is known only from the type collection from 1893 and a second collection from 1987, both from along the Gatineau River north of Ottawa in southwestern Quebec. Its habit is very similar to that of E. intermedia, from which it differs mainly in its achenes lenticular to trigonous in the same plant, the two or three angles prominent, keeled, costate, the surface smooth or very finely reticulate or pitted at 30X, and tubercles 0.2–0.5 mm wide. It produces few achenes, whereas E. intermedia and E. obtusa usually produce abundant achenes. In the protologue M. L. Fernald (1899) compared E. macounii with the Eurasian E. carniolica W. D. J. Koch. H. K. Svenson (1929, 1937) compared it with both E. intermedia and the Eurasian E. multicaulis (Smith) Smith and later (1957) placed it in synonymy under E. obtusa. Pending further research, it seems best to treat the two known collections of E. macounii as probable hybrids between E. intermedia and either E. obtusa or E. ovata; all three species are sympatric in the region where the collections of E. macounii were made (P. M. Catling and S. G. Hay 1993; B. M. H. Larson and P. M. Catling 1996).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"shortened" is not a number.

... more about "Eleocharis intermedia"
with longitudinal rows +, smooth +  and honeycomb-reticulate +
golden brown +
smooth +  and markedly sculptured +
narrowed;obpyriform +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
papillose +, pitted +  and reticulate +
0.6mm;0.75mm +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
acute;acute;subacute;acuminate +
constricted +
Jeremy J. Bruhl +  and S. Galen Smith +
Schultes +
flattened +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
persistent +
enlarged +
Scirpus intermedius +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (?) +
glumaceous +  and foliaceous +
2-ranked +  and arranged +
ascending +  and appressed +
parallel +  and divergent +
terete +, rolled +  and plicate +
Éléocharide intermédiaire +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (100 cm1,000 mm <br />1 m <br />) +
reclining +, recurved +  and arching +
compressed +
0.1mm;0.75mm +
stramineous brown reddish or purple distally stramineous +  and green or colorless +
not evident +  and evident +
N.B. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Conn. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
10–100 m +
spotted brown +, pale-brown +  and colorless +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
hypogynous +  and subtending +
biconvex +  and trigonous +
Fresh wet, often marly places along streams, lakeshores, tidal meadows, disturbed areas +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
multi-ranked +, 2-ranked +, 3-ranked +  and alternate +
evident +  and obscure +
flattened +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
with (1-)3-6(-30) bristles and/or scales +
Fruiting (spring–)summer–fall. +
2-3(-4)-carpellate +
3 (?) +  and 1 (?) +
amplexicaulous +, with a flower +  and empty +
stramineous;medium brown or red brown or blackish brown +
persistent +, some +  and deciduous +
ascending +  and erect +
inconspicuous +
caudex-like +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +
adventitious +
membranous-translucent +
disintegrating +
basal +  and proximal +
2-keeled +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (?) +
cylindric +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
stoloniferous +
proliferating +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
terete;ovoid;subterete +
septate +, hollow +  and solid +
compressed +, terete +  and trigonous +
papillate +
Eleocharis intermedia var. habereri +  and Eleocharis reclinata +
Eleocharis intermedia +
Eleocharis (sect. Eleocharis) ser. Tenuissimae +
species +
0.3mm;0.4mm +
trigonous +, narrowly pyramidal +  and linear +
0.1mm +  and 0.25mm +