Fallopia sachalinensis

(F. Schmidt) Ronse Decraene

Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 369. 1988.

Common names: Giant knotweed
WeedyIntroduced
Basionym: Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt Mém. Acad. Imp. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 233. 1859
Synonyms: Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai Tiniaria sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Janchen
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 542. Mentioned on page 541, 543.

Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 2–4 (–5) m. Stems usually clustered, erect, sparingly branched, herbaceous, stiff, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves: ocrea persistent or deciduous, brownish, cylindric, 6–12 mm, margins oblique, face without reflexed and slender bristles at base, otherwise glabrous or puberulent; petiole 1–4 cm, glabrous; blade ovate-oblong, 15–30 (–40) × 7–25 cm, base cordate, margins entire, glabrous or scabrous to ciliate, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial face minutely dotted, glaucous, with hairs along veins distinctly multicellular, 0.2–0.6 mm, tips acute to acuminate, adaxial face glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, mostly distal, erect or spreading, paniclelike, 3–8 cm, axes puberulent to pubescent; peduncle 0.1–4 cm or absent, puberulent to reddish-pubescent. Pedicels ascending or spreading, articulated proximal to middle, 2–4 mm, glabrous. Flowers bisexual or pistillate, 4–7 per ocreate fascicle; perianth accrescent in fruit, greenish, 4.5–6.5 mm including stipelike base, glabrous; tepals obovate to elliptic, apex obtuse to acute, outer 3 winged; stamens 6–8; filaments flattened proximally, glabrous; styles connate basally; stigmas fimbriate. Achenes included, brown, 2.8–4.5 × 1.1–1.8 mm, shiny, smooth; fruiting perianth glabrous, wings flat to undulate, 1.8–2.2 mm wide at maturity, decurrent on stipelike base to articulation, margins entire. 2n = 44, 66, 102, 132 (Japan, Korea).


Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat: Disturbed places
Elevation: 0-500 m

Distribution

V5 1108-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; B.C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Calif., Conn., Del., Idaho, Ill., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Mont., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Asia (Japan), in Europe

Discussion

Fallopia sachalinensis was introduced as a soil binder and garden ornamental. Like F. japonica, it spreads aggressively and has been declared noxious in California, Oregon, and Washington. It hybridizes with F. japonica, yielding F. ×bohemica. The mid-stem inflorescences of F. sachalinensis usually are shorter than the subtending leaves.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"/2" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Fallopia sachalinensis"
132 +, 102 +, 66 +  and 44 +
0.28 cm2.8 mm <br />0.0028 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
3-gonous +
1.1mm;1.8mm +
yellow +  and pink or red +
ovate +  and elliptic +
obtuse;acute +
Craig C. Freeman +  and Harold R. Hinds† +
(F. Schmidt) Ronse Decraene +
puberulent;pubescent +
stipelike +, decurrent +  and cordate +
Polygonum sachalinense +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
ovate-oblong +
7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
foliaceous +  and perfoliate +
scale-like +
just below the soil surface or and above the soil surface +  and spreading +
Giant knotweed +
B.C. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Calif. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Mont. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Asia (Japan) +  and in Europe +
0-500 m +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
free +  and distinct +
flattened +
disarticulating +  and solid +
decumbent to erect +  and prostrate +
unwinged +  and winged +
black +, red +, brown +  and yellowish +
exserted +  and included +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
spheroidal +, 4-gonous +, lenticular +, biconvex +, discoid +, 3-gonous +  and 2-gonous +
Disturbed places +
not +  and pedunculate +
spreading +  and erect +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
nonmembranous +
deciduous +
cauline +  and basal +
scabrous +  and glabrous +
wavy +  and entire +
swollen +
partly +  and foliaceous +
deciduous +  and persistent +
cylindric +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
anatropous +, , +  and orthotropous +
spreading;ascending +
proximal +  and middle +
accrescent +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
spreading;erect +
puberulent;reddish-pubescent +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
campanulate +
accrescent +
0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br /> (0.65 cm6.5 mm <br />0.0065 m <br />) +
fleshy +, indurate +  and membranous +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Flowering Jul–Oct. +
(2-)3(-4)-carpellate +
Bot. J. Linn. Soc. +
rhizomatous +
slender;stout +
woody +  and fibrous +
Weedy +  and Introduced +
6 +  and 8 +
procumbent +  and scandent +
glaucous +  and glabrous +
fimbriate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
2-lobed +  and cylindric +
coriaceous +  and membranous +
spreading;erect +
Reynoutria sachalinensis +  and Tiniaria sachalinensis +
Fallopia sachalinensis +
Fallopia +
species +
obovate +  and elliptic +
coriaceous +
acute +  and acuminate +
persistent +
membranous +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
multicellular +
400 cm4,000 mm <br />4 m <br /> (500 cm5,000 mm <br />5 m <br />) +
flat;undulate +
1.8mm;2.2mm +