Ferocactus cylindraceus

(Engelmann) Orcutt

Cactography 1926(1): 5. 1926.

Common names: Desert barrel cactus California b arrel cactus
Illustrated
Basionym: Echinocactus viridescens var. cylindraceus Engelmann Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14: 338. 1852
Synonyms: Ferocactus acanthodes var. eastwoodiae L. D. Benson Ferocactus acanthodes var. lecontei (Engelmann) G. E. Lindsay Ferocactus eastwoodiae
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 245. Mentioned on page 243, 244.

Stems straight, erect or nearly so (or leaning), cylindric, (20–) 45–150 (–300) × (20–) 25–40 (–50) cm; ribs (18–) 21–31, shallowly notched immediately above each areole. Spines 12–32 per areole, central spines and larger radial spines whitish, yellow, pink, dull red, or brown; smallest spines per areole slender, sometimes bristlelike, less than 1 mm diam. (rarely absent); central spines 4 per areole, major rigid central spines surrounded by weaker subcentral spines; principal central spine moderately curved, sometimes twisted, usually not strongly hooked except on relatively young plants, annulate, adaxial surface usually flat or even concave, 36–140 [–170] × 2–4.5 mm. Flowers maroon outside, yellow inside, 3–6 × 4–6 cm; inner tepals commonly yellow, (rarely with reddish midstripes, very rarely orange to red with a darker red midstripes); stigma lobes yellow (to red). Fruits ± readily dehiscent through basal pore, bright-yellow (very rarely reddish), 30–40 (–50) × 15–20 mm, leathery or fleshy, locule dry, hollow except for seeds. Seeds (1.5–) 2–3 mm, pitted. 2n = 22.


Phenology: Flowering early spring–early summer (late summer–early fall).
Habitat: Interior chaparral, Mojave desert scrub, Sonoran desert scrub, usually on rocky slopes, igneous and limestone substrates
Elevation: 0-1500 m

Distribution

V4 448-distribution-map.gif

Ariz., Calif., Nev., Utah, Mexico (Baja California), Mexico (Sonora)

Discussion

The name Ferocactus acanthodes has been widely applied to this species but was based on a small plant of unknown origin (and the original specimen lost), and is therefore ambiguous (N. P. Taylor 1979).

The vernacular name “compass barrel” is sometimes misapplied to Ferocactus cylindraceus, which grows straight up in its old age, instead of leaning as would F. wislizeni.

The varieties recognized by L. D. Benson (1982) are not consistently distinguishable.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Ferocactus cylindraceus"
14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br /> (17 cm170 mm <br />0.17 m <br />) +
36mm +  and 140mm +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
cushionlike +
blunt +, ovoid +  and cylindric +
circular to linear +
deciduous +  and persistent +
connected +
nearly circular +  and oblong or elliptic +
slender +
Allan D. Zimmerman +  and Bruce D. Parfitt +
(Engelmann) Orcutt +
hardened +
Echinocactus viridescens var. cylindraceus +
triangular +
terete +, angled +  and flattened +
proliferating +
flattened +  and cylindric +
Desert barrel cactus +  and California b arrel cactus +
not mucilaginous +
Ariz. +, Calif. +, Nev. +, Utah +, Mexico (Baja California) +  and Mexico (Sonora) +
0-1500 m +
not separating +
8.5 cm85 mm <br />0.085 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
yellow +  and maroon +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
tubular +, urceolate +  and salverform +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (8.5 cm85 mm <br />0.085 m <br />) +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
hollow +, spineless +  and walled +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
bright-yellow +
persistent +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
cylindric +, ovoid +  and spheric +
fleshy +  and leathery +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Interior chaparral, Mojave desert scrub, Sonoran desert scrub, usually on rocky slopes, igneous and limestone substrates +
deciduous +  and persistent +
rudimentary +
flat +  and terete +
nearly +  and microscopic +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
tuberculate +
fluted;spheric;depressed-spheric or club-shaped +
13 cm130 mm <br />0.13 m <br /> (17 cm170 mm <br />0.17 m <br />) +
30mm +  and 130mm +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
obtuse +, denticulate +  and fimbriate +
deciduous +  and persistent +
Flowering early spring–early summer (late summer–early fall). +
not mucilaginous +
ridgelike +  and nipple--shaped +
Cactography +
, +  and whitish +
prominent +
notched +
broadly rounded +  and lanceolate +
arillate +  and strophiolate +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
dark-brown +  and black +
0.4mm;12mm +
spheric;subreniform +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
Illustrated +
radial +  and cluster +
brown +, red +, dull +, pink +  and yellow +
straight +  and curved +
deciduous +  and persistent +
12 (?) +  and 32 (?) +
annulate-ridged +, hairlike +, daggerlike +, subulate +  and acicular +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
hard +  and rigid +
decurrent +
unsegmented +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (50 cm500 mm <br />0.5 m <br />) +
straight +
45 cm450 mm <br />0.45 m <br /> (150 cm1,500 mm <br />1.5 m <br />) +
nearly;erect +
cylindric +
succulent +
25cm;40cm +
0.75 cm7.5 mm <br />0.0075 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
tuberculate +
Ferocactus acanthodes var. eastwoodiae +, Ferocactus acanthodes var. lecontei +  and Ferocactus eastwoodiae +
adventitious +
tuberlike +
epipetric +  and epiphytic +
Ferocactus cylindraceus +
Ferocactus +
species +
straight +
distinct +
reticulate +  and pitted +
flat +, concave +  and convex +
dull +  and glossy +
annulate-ridged +
branched +  and unbranched +
epiphytic;epiphytic;epiphytic +
leaning +  and erect +
barrel-shaped +  and spheric +