View source for Fuirena ← Fuirena You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Fuirena |accepted_authority=Rottböll |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl., |place=70. 1773 |year=1773 }} |common_names=Umbrella-grass |basionyms= |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym |name=Vaginaria |authority=Persoon |rank=genus }} |hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Fuirena |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Fuirena]]</div></div> |etymology=for Georg Fuiren, 1581–1628, Danish botanist |volume=Volume 23 |mention_page=page 6 |treatment_page=page 32 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism architecture;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, cespitose or not, rhizomatous or not, variously pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="culm architecture or arrangement or growth form;culm architecture or arrangement or growth form;culm shape"><b>Culms </b>solitary or not, 3–5-angled in cross-section.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf pubescence"><b>Leaves </b>all cauline, polystichous, usually hairy, hair sometimes confined to junction of blade and sheath;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="sheath condition;sheath shape">sheaths closed, tubular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="ligule shape;ligule texture">ligules tubular, scarious;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade presence;blade size;blade prominence or shape">blades sometimes absent or reduced to mucro or cusp, flat, or those mid culm strongly formed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture;inflorescence position or structure subtype;inflorescence arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>of spikelets sessile in clusters of 2–5 (rarely solitary), the clusters sessile or pedunculate and terminal or racemose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="spikelet quantity">spikelets to 150.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="scale quantity;scale arrangement;proximal scale quantity;scale architecture;distal scale architecture"><b>Spikelets:</b> scales 20–50, spirally arranged, proximal 1–2 scales empty, others subtending flower, some distal scales empty.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower reproduction"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="perianth atypical quantity;perianth quantity;perianth height or length or size;set height or length or size;outer set quantity;bristle fragility or size;bristle shape;scale architecture;scale shape;set position;set shape;set shape">perianth (3–) 6 in sets of 3, outer set of stout, sharp bristles shorter than inner set of stipitate-bladed, spatulate scales, rarely inner set forked or pinnately lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity;stamen position">stamens 1–3 (–6), long-exserted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="style arrangement or course or shape;style shape;style architecture;style position or shape;base duration">styles linear, 3-fid, articulate well distal to base, base usually persistent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="achene shape"><b>Achenes </b>trigonous-rhomboid.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=Worldwide;mostly in subtropics and tropics |discussion=<p>Species ca. 30 (7 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>Nearly all species are heliophytic wetland plants.</p><!-- --><p>Rhizomes of the fuirenas are compact to elongate. Culms arise directly from rhizomes or from short, fleshy, cormlike shoot buds; they are cespitose or lined along rhizome, erect to sprawling, grooved or sharply angled, variously ribbed, stiff or flaccid, and smooth except in the inflorescence. Most proximal nodes are usually widely spaced, producing the largest bracteal leaf and longest peduncle. Internodes and bracts are progressively shorter on distal culm. Leaf sheaths are strong and many ribbed; ligule and contraligule are connate to form a short, oblique or truncate, ciliate tube. If midculm leaf blades are formed, they are variously linear, the base cordate-clasping, margins variously thickened or not, and the apex narrowly acute and often hirsute-ciliate. Inflorescences are green, green-brown, or red-brown, mostly sessile, ovoid, ellipsoid, or lance-cylindric, mostly 1–2 cm. Flowers are mostly 2.5–3.5 mm, excluding long-exserted stamens; filaments slender, flattened; anthers erect, 2-locular, oblong-linear; ovary 3-carpellate; styles elongate, filiform, hispidulous. Achenes are usually prominently stipitate, angles wirelike, 1 mm, faces smooth to finely reticulate, apex usually peglike, erect, linear, slightly dilated, stiff, papillose-hispidulous; beak rarely present, short-triangular.</p><!-- --><p>Fuirena wallichiana, an Asian species, has been found in the flora only once, in wet areas of chrome ore piles at Newport News, Warwich County, Virginia, by Clyde F. Reed (PH!). It is cited here as a chance introduction whose continuance in a unique habitat should be monitored. It is included in the key to facilitate identification; it is not included in the species count.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Perianth 3–6-parted, each part pinnately lobed or with flat, linear branches, none with broad blades. |[[Fuirena wallichiana|Fuirena wallichiana]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants not rhizomatous, usually annual; anthers mostly 0.5–0.7(–1.2) mm. |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Plants rhizomatous, usually perennial; anthers at least 1.3 mm. |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Apex of perianth blades obtuse to retuse, with abaxial, subapical, retrorsely barbellate bristle; prairie provinces w of Mississippi River. |[[Fuirena simplex|Fuirena simplex]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Apex of perianth blades acuminate, usually very narrowly so, mostly incurved, without abaxial, subapical bristle; Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains with outliers in Lake States. |[[Fuirena pumila|Fuirena pumila]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Culms slender, wandlike, smooth, on elongate, creeping, non-cormose rhizomes; mucro of fertile scales erect, mostly less than 1/2 length of scale body; leaf sheaths either bladeless or with blades rarely to 5 cm; fertile scales usually with at least 5 strong medial ribs. |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Culms stout, usually with at least some prominent long hairs on leaf margins and/or sheaths, from elongate to short, cormose rhizomes; mucro of fertile scales erect or spreading-recurved, 1/2 or more length of scale body; leaf sheaths with well-developed blades, the longer rarely as short as 5 cm; backs of fertile scales usually with 3 prominent medial ribs. |[[#key-0-6| > 6]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Blades of culm leaves short, mostly mucrolike, rarely more than 4 mm; tip of perianth blades mostly acute; spikelets mostly ovoid, sessile in terminal cluster; subtending involucral bract shorter than spikelets. |[[Fuirena scirpoidea|Fuirena scirpoidea]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Blades of culm leaves long, usually plane, to 5 cm; tip of perianth blades acuminate; spikelets mostly lance-ovoid or lance-cylindric, narrowly acute, sessile in terminal cluster or sometimes producing secondary peduncled spikelets or small secondary clusters; subtending involucral bract longer than spikelets. |[[Fuirena longa|Fuirena longa]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Rhizomes without cormlike shoot buds; apex of perianth blades flattish or tumid, conic, blunt or emarginate, usually producing short or elongate, sub-apical, abaxial apiculus or bristle. |[[Fuirena simplex|Fuirena simplex]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Rhizomes with cormlike shoot buds; apex of perianth blades obtuse-angled, acute, acuminate, or narrowly incurved-conic, without subapical, abaxial apiculus or bristle. |[[#key-0-7| > 7]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Perianth bristles short, incurved, smooth, tip not reaching base of perianth blades; proximal leaf sheaths hispid, midculm and distal sheaths becoming smooth; apex of perianth blades obtuse-angled or acute, neither conic nor acuminate. |[[Fuirena breviseta|Fuirena breviseta]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Perianth bristles long, erect or even slightly spreading, tip reaching at least to base of perianth blades; all leaf sheaths usually hispid, hispidulous, or hirsute; apex of perianth blades either conic and very tumid, or acuminate. |[[#key-0-8| > 8]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Apex of perianth blade acuminate, thin or thickened, incurved; perianth bristles retrorsely barbellate; anthers 1 mm; Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains and inland to adjacent provinces e of Mississippi River, with cormose rhizome buds usually close-set. |[[Fuirena squarrosa|Fuirena squarrosa]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Apex of perianth blade tumid at maturity, narrowing distally to conic and erect, sometimes apiculate as well; perianth bristles smooth; anthers 1–1.3 mm; Gulf Coastal Plain and Ozarks from Louisiana and Arkansas southwestward, with cormose parts of rhizome often separated by distinct intervals of narrow internode longer than corm width. |[[Fuirena bushii|Fuirena bushii]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Fuirena |author=Robert Kral |authority=Rottböll |rank=genus |parent rank=family |synonyms=Vaginaria |basionyms= |family=Cyperaceae |illustrator=John Myers |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association |distribution=Worldwide;mostly in subtropics and tropics |reference=None |publication title=Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl., |publication year=1773 |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V23/V23_44.xml |genus=Fuirena |achene shape=trigonous-rhomboid |base duration=persistent |blade presence=absent |blade prominence or shape=flat |blade size=reduced |bristle fragility or size=stout |bristle shape=sharp |culm architecture or arrangement or growth form=not;solitary |culm shape=3-5-angled |distal scale architecture=empty |flower reproduction=bisexual |inflorescence architecture=pedunculate;sessile;sessile |inflorescence arrangement=racemose |inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal |leaf arrangement=polystichous |leaf pubescence=hairy |ligule shape=tubular |ligule texture=scarious |outer set quantity=3 |perianth atypical quantity=3;6 |perianth height or length or size=shorter |perianth quantity=6 |proximal scale quantity=1;2 |scale architecture=stipitate-bladed;empty |scale arrangement=arranged |scale quantity=20;50 |scale shape=spatulate |set height or length or size=shorter |set position=inner |set shape=lobed;forked |sheath condition=closed |sheath shape=tubular |spikelet quantity=0;150 |stamen atypical quantity=3;6 |stamen position=long-exserted |stamen quantity=1;3 |style architecture=articulate |style arrangement or course or shape=linear |style position or shape=distal |style shape=3-fid |whole_organism architecture=not;rhizomatous |whole_organism duration=perennial;annual |whole_organism growth form=herb;not;cespitose |whole_organism pubescence=pubescent }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cyperaceae]] Templates used on this page: Template:Cyperaceae (view source) Template:Treatment/AuthorLink (view source) Template:Treatment/Body (view source) Template:Treatment/Body/Maps (view source) Template:Treatment/ID (view source) Template:Treatment/ID/Synonym (view source) Template:Treatment/Publication (view source) Return to Fuirena.