Grimmia elongata

Kaulfuss in J. Sturm et al.

in J. Sturm et al., Deutschl. Fl. 2(15): plate 14. 1816,.

Synonyms: Dryptodon elongatus (Kaulfuss) Hartman
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 236. Mentioned on page 227, 238, 251.

Plants in dense patches, reddish-brown to blackish green. Stems 1–4 cm, central strand present. Leaves lanceolate, keeled, not plicate, one margin commonly narrowly recurved, awns 0.1–0.5 mm, lower leaves muticous, costal transverse-section weak at base, semicircular distally; basal juxtacostal laminal cells elongate, straight, somewhat thick-walled; basal marginal laminal cells rectangular with straight walls, often hyaline; medial laminal cells short-rectangular, sinuose, thick-walled; distal laminal cells 1-stratose, not bulging, marginal cells 2-stratose, not bulging. Sexual condition dioicous, perichaetial leaves not enlarged. Seta straight to slightly arcuate, 1.5–2.5 mm. Capsule occasionally present, emergent to shortly exserted, yellowbrown, ovoid, exothecial cells variable, quadrate to rectangular, thin-walled, stomata present, annulus of 1–3 rows, operculum conical to rostrate, peristome present, fully-developed, papillose.


Habitat: Damp acidic volcanic rock and sandstone, high elevation forests to tundra
Elevation: moderate to high elevations (400-2400 m)

Distribution

V27 322-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, Alta., N.W.T., Nunavut, Que., Colo., Mexico, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa

Discussion

Grimmia elongata is a widely distributed species mainly occurring above 2000 m, and with a preference for acidic sandstones and volcanic, damp, north-facing outcrops and ledges. It seems to be uncommon in North America, having been collected only occasionally and from widely separated localities. However, the wide distribution of G. elongata across the Northern Hemisphere suggests that it may be more common on this continent than collection records indicate. Cao T. and D. H. Vitt (1986b) noted that in North America, specimens of G. elongata would be confused most likely with G. donniana, as they considered the two species to be closely related. However, these species are distinctly different in a number of clear characters: G. elongata is reddish brown, muticous or short-awned, has one leaf margin recurved and is dioicous. In contrast, G. donniana is green to black, long-awned, has plane leaf margins and is autoicous. These characters lead us to believe that these species are not closely related; H. C. Greven (2003) believed that G. elongata is most closely related to the Himalayan endemic G. redunca Mitten.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Grimmia elongata"
deciduous +  and persistent +
well-defined +
differentiated +
Roxanne I. Hastings +  and Henk C. Greven +
Kaulfuss in J. Sturm et al. +
only rarely longer +
not papillose +
toothed +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
sinuous +  and straight to sometimes +
sinuose-nodulose;quadrate;elongate +
oblate;elongate +
divided +
Undefined subg. Guembelia +
undifferentiated +
plicate +  and smooth +
less +  and 1/2 +
not papillose +
mitrate +  and cucullate +
small;medium +
sulcate +  and smooth +
pendent +  and erect +
striate +  and smooth +
thin +  and thick +
thick-walled +  and thin-walled +
quadrate +  and rectangular +
excurrent;percurrent;excurrent +
subpercurrent +
reniform +, elliptical +  and terete +
usually not markedly larger +
with at-least several marginal rows +  and 2-stratose +
Greenland +, Alta. +, N.W.T. +, Nunavut +, Que. +, Colo. +, Mexico +, Central America +, South America +, Eurasia +  and Africa +
moderate to high elevations (400-2400 m) +
quadrate +  and rectangular +
reproduction +  and asexual +
dioicous +, autoicous +  and sexual +
Damp acidic volcanic rock and sandstone, high elevation forests to tundra +
papillose +, mammillose +  and smooth +
specialized +
dioicous +, autoicous +  and sexual +
keeled +  and lanceolate +
1;multistratose +
thick-walled +  and sinuose +
short-rectangular +
thick-walled +  and sinuose +
thick-walled +  and sinuose +
conical;rostrate +
not +  and differentiated +
fully-developed +
lanceolate;linear +
in J. Sturm et al., Deutschl. Fl. +
straight +  and slightly arcuate +
sigmoid +  and arcuate +
papillose +  and smooth +
short to long +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
ornamented +  and smooth +
globose +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
muticous;long-awned +
Dryptodon elongatus +
Grimmia elongata +
Grimmia subg. Guembelia +
species +
straight +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
reddish-brown;blackish green +