Guaiacum

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 1: 381. 1753.

Common names: Lignum vitae
Etymology: Spanish mispronunciation of "Huaicum," Bahamas Islands Taino Amerindians' name for the tree and the medicine derived from its resin
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 34. Mentioned on page 29, 35.
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 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA12 P05 Guaiacum angustifolium.jpegKallstroemia parviflora
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus cistoides
Guaiacum angustifolium
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi
Barbara Alongi

Shrubs or trees; branches spreading or straggling, slightly angled, stout, hairy, becoming glabrate. Leaves opposite or fascicled [sometimes crowded on short lateral branchlets], even-pinnately compound; stipules usually deciduous, sometimes persistent, stiff or herbaceous, subulate or ovate, apex acute to acuminate, usually mucronulate, sometimes spinescent; petiolules absent or nearly so; leaflets [2–] (4–) 6–16, opposite, distinct, [narrowly] elliptic to linear-oblong, linear-spatulate, obliquely oblong, or obovate [ovate], somewhat unequal in size, basal and middle [apical] pairs largest, base oblique, apex obtuse or rounded [acute or retuse] and mucronate, [membranous] subcoriaceous or coriaceous, surfaces glabrous [hairy to glabrate]. Pedicels in axils of minute bracts [crowded on short lateral branchlets], erect or spreading. Flowers solitary to several [many] together, slightly irregular by twisting of petals; sepals deciduous, 4–5, slightly connate basally, green, unequal, margins undifferentiated, apex obtuse, hairy; petals ± persistent, 4–5, imbricate, spreading, twisted, blue to purple, rarely white [violet], drying yellow, obovate to elliptic, base clawed, apex rounded to lobed or notched; nectary annular; stamens 8–10, ± equal; filaments free, subulate or base slightly winged, sometimes with small basal scale; anthers sagittate or cordate; ovary on short stalk, 2–5-lobed, 2–5-locular, glabrous or hairy; ovules 8–10 per locule; style persisting, forming beak on fruit; stigma minute. Fruits capsules, [green] becoming greenish yellow to bright orange [brown], obovoid to obcordiform, flattened, 2–5-lobed, 2–5-winged, base narrowed into short stalk, broadest apically, coriaceous, smooth or reticulate, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds 1 per locule, 1–5 maturing per fruit, yellowish-brown, brown, or black, ellipsoid to ovoid, surrounded by thick fleshy red aril.

Distribution

sc, se United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n South America

Discussion

Species ca. 6 (2 in the flora).

Guaiacum wood is hard and resinous, long used in turnery and medicine. Several species are grown as ornamentals for their showy flowers in southern Florida, southern Arizona, Mexico, the West Indies, and Central America. Guaiacum officinale Linnaeus is known from Florida not only in cultivation, but also as a local escape; however, it has not become naturalized. It can easily be distinguished from G. sanctum by its leaves having only (2–)4–6 shiny, green, obovate leaflets that are 15–35(–60) × 25–35 mm. The fruits are 2-lobed and contain only 1 or 2 seeds.

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaves 1–3 cm; leaflets 8–16; capsules obcordiform, flattened, 2(–4)-lobed, ± 2(–4)-winged, hairy. Guaiacum angustifolium
1 Leaves (4–)6–10 cm; leaflets (4–)6–8(–10); capsules obovoid, 4–5-lobed, 4–5–winged, glabrous. Guaiacum sanctum
... more about "Guaiacum"
subulate +
cordate +  and sagittate +
rounded;lobed or notched +
coriaceous +  and subcoriaceous +
fleshy red +
Duncan M. Porter +
Linnaeus +
reticulate +, smooth +  and winged +
narrowed +  and clawed +
coriaceous +
broadest +
coriaceous +  and fleshy +
straggling +  and spreading +
glabrate +  and hairy +
Lignum vitae +
sc +, se United States +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +  and n South America +
Spanish mispronunciation of "Huaicum," Bahamas Islands Taino Amerindians' name for the tree and the medicine derived from its resin +
greenish yellow;bright orange +
loculicidal +, septicidal +  and dehiscence +
2-5-lobed;flattened;obovoid;obcordiform +
middle +  and basal +
elliptic;linear-oblong linear-spatulate obliquely oblong or obovate +
largest +  and unequal +
pinnate +  and entire +
undifferentiated +
intrastaminal +  and extrastaminal +
evergreen +
swollen +  and angled +
hairy +  and glabrous +
2-5-lobed +
spreading +  and erect +
distinct +, adnate +  and free +
yellow;white;blue;purple +
persistent +
distinct +
obovate;elliptic +
unequal +
(2-)5-carpellate +
black +, brown +  and yellowish-brown +
ellipsoid;ovoid +
deciduous +
unequal +
persistent +  and deciduous +
ovate +  and subulate +
persisting +
Guaiacum +
Zygophyllaceae +
perennial +  and annual +
tree +  and shrub +