Horkelia fusca

Lindley

Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: plate 1997. 1837.

Common names: Dusky pinewoods or tawny horkelia
EndemicIllustrated
Synonyms: Potentilla douglasii Greene
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 259. Mentioned on page 249, 258, 260.

Basal leaves (3–) 4–20 (–40) × (1–) 1.5–4 (–7) cm; leaflets narrowly cuneate to obovate to flabellate, 5–30 (–35) × 2–20 (–30) mm, 1/3 as wide to wider than long, divided into linear or oblanceolate to obovate teeth or lobes, sparsely to ± densely short-villous or hirsute, sometimes glabrate. Cauline leaves 1–5 (or 6). Flowers 5–12 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 1–3 mm, 1/2 length of to nearly equal to sepals; hypanthium 1–3 × 2–4 mm, 1/2 to nearly as deep as wide; sepals spreading to ± reflexed, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, (1.7–) 2–4 (–4.5) mm; petals 2–6 (–6.5) mm; filaments 0.2–1.5 × (0.2–) 0.4–0.6 (–1) mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; styles 0.9–1.5 mm. Achenes brown.

Distribution

V9 411-distribution-map.jpg

Calif., Idaho, Nev., Oreg., Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

Varieties 7 (7 in the flora).

Horkelia fusca represents the primary radiation of the genus beyond the California Floristic Province. Within California, H. fusca occurs in the Sierra Nevada and mountains of northern California, and it is the only representative of the genus extending beyond California and Oregon into Washington, Idaho, Nevada [with the possible exception of H. tridentata (10e. sect. Tridentatae) in Washoe County], and, questionably, Wyoming.

As here circumscribed, Horkelia fusca is the most diverse, most widely distributed species in the genus, with significant additional work needed to fully elucidate its variation patterns. The treatment presented here differs from that of D. D. Keck (1938) and B. Ertter (1993d) in using the rank variety instead of subspecies, circumscribing var. capitata more narrowly, and transferring the application of var. pseudocapitata from what is here called var. brownii to the bulk of what had been subsp. capitata (Lindley) D. D. Keck (B. Ertter and J. L. Reveal 2007).

There are two types of basal leaves in plants of Horkelia fusca. The ephemeral early-season leaves have leaflets that tend to be broadly cuneate-obovate, shallowly toothed, densely glandular but otherwise sparsely hairy, and deeply veined. The leaf features described below are drawn from the more persistent, mid season leaves that predominate at peak flowering and differ more strongly among varieties.

Petals of first-formed flowers are often larger than average; end-of-season petals can be smaller than average.

Although Montana is sometimes included in the range of Horkelia fusca, such references are based only on potential occurrence (W. E. Booth and J. C. Wright 1959).

Selected References

None.

Key

1 Leaflets divided ± 1/2–3/4+ to midrib > 2
1 Leaflets divided less than 1/2 to midrib > 4
2 Inflorescences usually with flowers arranged individually; sw Oregon. Horkelia fusca var. filicoides
2 Inflorescences composed of 3–20-flowered glomerules, (flowers rarely arranged individually in var. fusca); ne California, nw Oregon, sw Washington > 3
3 Leaflets divided ± 1/2 to midrib, 5–18(–20) × 4–15 mm; petals 3–5 mm; filaments 0.5–1.3 mm, longer than wide; nw Oregon, sw Washington. Horkelia fusca var. fusca
3 Leaflets divided 3/4+ to midrib, 5–10(–15) × 2–10(–20) mm; petals 2–3(–4) mm; filaments 0.2–0.5 mm, wider than long; ne California. Horkelia fusca var. tenella
4 Leaves grayish, surfaces often obscured, ± densely short-villous; leaflets narrowly to broadly cuneate, usually 1/3–1/2 as wide as long; ne California, adjacent Oregon and Nevada. Horkelia fusca var. brownii
4 Leaves green, surfaces not obscured, ± short-hirsute, villous, or glabrate; leaflets cuneate to broadly obovate, 1/2 to wider than long; California to Washington, Idaho, Wyoming > 5
5 Inflorescences dark reddish purple, densely congested, bracts acuminate-lobed, obscuring pedicels and flowers even at maturity, glandular hairs usually conspicuously red-septate; epicalyx bractlets (2–)3.5–5(–6) mm; cauline leaves 3–6, leaflets of proximalmost 3–5 per side; ne Oregon, se Washington, n Idaho. Horkelia fusca var. capitata
5 Inflorescences green to reddish purple, congested to open, bracts acute-lobed, not obscuring pedicels and flowers at maturity, glandular hairs not or obscurely red-septate; epicalyx bractlets 1–3.5(–4) mm; cauline leaves 1–4(or 5), leaflets of proximalmost 2–4(or 5) per side; Cascade-Sierra axis of Oregon, California, e to Wyoming and n Nevada > 6
6 Petals (3–)4–6 mm; leaflets 10–30(–35) × (5–)10–20(–25) mm; epicalyx bractlets 2–3.5(–4) mm; mountains in and bordering n Intermountain Region, ne California, n Nevada, se Oregon, s Idaho. Horkelia fusca var. pseudocapitata
6 Petals 2–4.5(–6.5) mm; leaflets 5–15(–20) × (2–)5–10(–15) mm; epicalyx bractlets 1–2(–3) mm; Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada, to Cascade Ranges, c Oregon, and mountains of c Idaho, adjacent Wyoming. Horkelia fusca var. parviflora

"thin" is not a number."/2lengthoftonearlyequaltosepals" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."wide to wider than long" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Horkelia fusca"
1mm +  and 1.8mm +
longer than wide +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
pink +  and rose +
less oblanceolate;cuneate +
Barbara Ertter +  and James L. Reveal +
Lindley +
compound +  and simple +
opposite +  and alternate +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
flattened +
Capitatae +
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
planar +  and cylindric +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
coriaceous +
reduced +
free +  and distinct +
Dusky +, pinewoods +  and or tawny horkelia +
open to congested +
Calif. +, Idaho +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
not +  and aggregated +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
flattened +
0.4mm;0.6mm +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
not +  and aggregated +
obliquely ovoid +  and reniform +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br />) +
wide;2mm;4mm +
crassinucellate +
opposite +  and alternate +
marcescent +
winter-persistent +
overlapping +  and separate +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
glabrate +, sparsely +  and more or less densely short-villous or hirsute +
divided +, narrowly cuneate +  and obovate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +  and 2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
oblanceolate +
palmate +  and pinnate +
shallowly toothed +  and deeply divided +
inferior +  and superior +
clustered +, biseriate +  and superposed +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0 (?) +  and 4 (?) +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.65 cm6.5 mm <br />0.0065 m <br />) +
white +  and pale-pink +
free +  and distinct +
rounded;truncate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
adnate +, free +, connate +  and distinct +
Edwards’s Bot. Reg. +
not arillate +
linear;filiform +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
persistent +
free +  and distinct +
spreading +  and more or less reflexed +
lanceolate +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Endemic +  and Illustrated +
free +  and distinct +
branched +  and simple +
stramineous +, reddish +  and green +
ascending +  and erect +
1 +  and 10 +
palmate +  and pinnate +
linear;lanceolate or elliptic +
deciduous +
distinct +
subterminal +
filiform +
rough-thickened +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
Potentilla douglasii +
Horkelia fusca +
Horkelia sect. Capitatae +
species +
5 (?) +  and 15 (?) +
oblanceolate +  and obovate +
inconspicuous +
enlarged +
grayish +, reddish +  and green +
hairy +  and inconspicuously conspicuously glandular +