View source for Hydrangeaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hydrangeaceae
|accepted_authority=Dumortier
|publications=
|common_names=Hydrangea Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Hydrangeaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hydrangeaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 463, 485, 491
|treatment_page=page 462
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism duration;whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form"><b>Subshrubs,</b> shrubs, trees, or vines [herbs], evergreen or deciduous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>usually opposite, sometimes whorled [alternate], simple;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole presence">petiole present or absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape">blade sometimes palmately lobed, margins entire, serrate, serrulate, dentate, denticulate, or crenate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin architecture;margin architecture">venation pinnate or acrodromous (Fendlera, Fendlerella, Philadelphus, Whipplea).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary, cymes, panicles, racemes, or corymbs, or flowers solitary.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower position;flower reproduction;flower architecture or shape;flower architecture or shape;sepal size;sepal architecture"><b>Flowers </b>bisexual [unisexual], or sometimes marginal ones sterile, radially symmetric (bisexual ones) or bilaterally symmetric with enlarged petaloid sepals (sterile ones);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="perianth position;perianth position;perianth position;perianth position;perianth position;androecium position;androecium position;androecium position;androecium position;androecium position">perianth and androecium nearly hypogynous, perigynous, or epigynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="hypanthium fusion;hypanthium fusion;ovary fusion">hypanthium completely adnate to ovary or adnate to ovary proximally, free distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion;sepal fusion">sepals 4–12, distinct or connate basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal quantity;petal fusion">petals 4–12, connate basally [entirely, then calyptrate];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="nectary presence;nectary presence">nectary usually present, rarely absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen fusion;stamen fusion;stamen fusion">stamens 8–200, usually distinct, sometimes connate proximally, free;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="anther dehiscence;slit dehiscence or orientation">anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture;ovary quantity;ovary position;ovary quantity;ovary position;ovary position;ovary position;ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary placentation;ovary arrangement;ovary arrangement;ovary arrangement">pistil 1, 2–12-carpellate, ovary less than 1/2 inferior, 1/2 inferior, or completely inferior, 1–12-locular, placentation usually axile proximally, parietal distally, rarely strictly axile or parietal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="ovule quantity;ovule orientation">ovules 1–50 per locule, anatropous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="style quantity;style length;style length">styles 1–12, distinct or connate proximally to most of length;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="stigma atypical quantity;stigma quantity">stigmas (1–) 2–12.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="fruits capsule dehiscence;fruits capsule dehiscence;fruits capsule position;fruits capsule position;fruits capsule position;fruits capsule position"><b>Fruits </b>capsules [berries], dehiscence septicidal, loculicidal, interstylar, or intercostal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="seed quantity;appendage derivation;appendage presence;appendage presence"><b>Seeds </b>1–50 per locule, funicular appendage present (Fendlerella, Whipplea) or absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Pacific Islands
|discussion=<p>Genera 17, species ca. 240 (9 genera, 25 species in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>A. Cronquist (1981) placed Hydrangeaceae among a group of woody families traditionally allied with Saxifragaceae. Phylogenetic studies consistently place Hydrangeaceae in the Cornales and sister to Loasaceae (A. L. Hempel et al. 1995; D. E. Soltis et al. 1995; L. Hufford et al. 2001; Hufford 2004). Within Hydrangeaceae, the western North American genera Fendlera and Jamesia form a clade (subfam. Jamesioideae L. Hufford) that is sister to the rest of the family (subfam. Hydrangeoideae Burnett) (Hufford et al.; Hufford). Subfamily Hydrangeoideae comprises two tribes: Philadelpheae de Candolle ex Duby and Hydrangeeae de Candolle. North American genera in the former are Carpenteria, Deutzia, Fendlerella, Philadelphus, and Whipplea. A molecular phylogenetic study by Y. De Smet et al. (2015) clarified relationships within Hydrangeeae, found Hydrangea to be polyphyletic, and promoted adoption of a broader concept of Hydrangea that includes the eight other genera in the tribe. The two North American genera in the tribe, Decumaria and Hydrangea, are circumscribed here in their traditional senses.</p><!--
--><p>The Hydrangeaceae are well represented in the paleobotanical record dating back to the Upper Cretaceous but best represented in the Tertiary (L. Hufford 2004). Some genera are sources of popular introduced or native ornamentals, including Carpenteria, Deutzia, Hydrangea, and Philadelphus. Some ornamentals have become established outside of cultivation in the flora area. A few North American Hydrangeaceae have reputed medicinal (D. E. Moerman 1998) or toxicologic (G. E. Burrows and R. J. Tyrl 2001) properties.</p><!--
--><p>Trichomes in most Hydrangeaceae consist of a long, unicellular portion, often borne on a multicellular base. The unicellular portion often bears tubercles on its surface. Sometimes instead of tubercles, it bears long extensions, making the trichome appear branched or dendritic. Such trichomes are here referred to as branched.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=de2015a
|text=De Smet, Y. et al. 2015. Molecular phylogenetics and new (infra)generic classification to alleviate polyphyly in tribe Hydrangeeae (Cornales: Hydrangeaceae). Taxon 64: 741–752.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford1995a
|text=Hufford, L. 1995. Seed morphology of Hydrangeaceae and its phylogenetic implications. Int. J. Plant Sci. 156: 555–580.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford1997a
|text=Hufford, L. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of Hydrangeaceae based on morphological data. Int. J. Plant Sci. 158: 652–672.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford1998a
|text=Hufford, L. 1998. Early development of androecia in polystemonous Hydrangeaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 1057–1067.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford2001a
|text=Hufford, L., M. L. Moody, and D. E. Soltis. 2001. A phylogenetic analysis of Hydrangeaceae based on sequences of the plastid gene matK and their combination with rbcL and morphological data. Int. J. Plant Sci. 162: 835–846.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=hufford2004a
|text=Hufford, L. 2004. Hydrangeaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. 10+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 6, pp. 202–215.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=small1905c
|text=Small, J. K. and P. A. Rydberg. 1905. Hydrangeaceae. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. North American Flora.... 1905+. New York. 47+ vols. Vol. 22, pp. 159–178.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=soltis1995b
|text=Soltis, D. E., Xiang Q. Y., and L. Hufford. 1995. Relationships and evolution of Hydrangeaceae based on rbcL sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 82: 504–514.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=spongberg1972a
|text=Spongberg, S. A. 1972. The genera of Saxifragaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 53: 409–498.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Woody vines.
|[[Decumaria|Decumaria]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Subshrubs, shrubs, or trees.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Twigs with stellate and simple trichomes.
|[[Deutzia|Deutzia]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Twigs glabrous or with simple or, sometimes, branched trichomes, never with stellate trichomes.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers both sterile and bisexual.
|[[Hydrangea|Hydrangea]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Flowers all bisexual.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stamens (11–)13–90 or 150–200.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals 4; petals 4 (or 8+ in some horticultural forms); ovaries inferior to 1/2 inferior, 4-locular; styles 1 or 4; leaves deciduous; stamens (11–)13–90.
|[[Philadelphus|Philadelphus]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals 5–7; petals 5–7(–8); ovaries nearly superior, 5–7-locular; styles 1; leaves persistent; stamens 150–200.
|[[Carpenteria|Carpenteria]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stamens 8–12.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems prostrate to decumbent.
|[[Whipplea|Whipplea]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Stems erect, ascending, or spreading.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Filament apices 2-lobed, lobes prolonged beyond anthers; seeds (1–)2–4(–6) per locule.
|[[Fendlera|Fendlera]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Filament apices not 2-lobed; seeds 1 or 10–50 per locule.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences 100–1000-flowered; capsule dehiscence interstylar, creating pore at base of styles.
|[[Hydrangea|Hydrangea]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Inflorescences 1–35-flowered; capsule dehiscence septicidal.
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blade margins usually crenate to dentate, rarely entire; blades ovate or broadly ovate to obovate, rhombic, or suborbiculate, venation pinnate; seeds 25–50 per locule.
|[[Jamesia|Jamesia]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Leaf blade margins entire; blades elliptic to lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate, or linear-oblong, venation acrodromous; seeds 1 per locule.
|[[Fendlerella|Fendlerella]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hydrangeaceae
|author=Craig C. Freeman
|authority=Dumortier
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Hydrangeaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Central America;South America;Eurasia;Pacific Islands
|reference=de2015a;hufford1995a;hufford1997a;hufford1998a;hufford2001a;hufford2004a;small1905c;soltis1995b;spongberg1972a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12_917.xml
|androecium position=epigynous;perigynous;epigynous;perigynous;hypogynous
|anther dehiscence=dehiscing
|appendage derivation=funicular
|appendage presence=absent;absent
|blade shape=lobed
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower architecture or shape=symmetric;symmetric
|flower position=marginal
|flower reproduction=sterile;bisexual
|fruits capsule dehiscence=loculicidal;septicidal
|fruits capsule position=intercostal;interstylar;intercostal;interstylar
|hypanthium fusion=free;adnate
|inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
|leaf architecture=simple
|leaf arrangement=whorled;opposite
|margin architecture=acrodromous;pinnate
|margin architecture or shape=serrulate;serrate;entire
|margin shape=crenate;denticulate;crenate;denticulate;dentate
|nectary presence=absent;absent
|ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=1-12-locular
|ovary arrangement=parietal;axile;parietal
|ovary fusion=adnate
|ovary placentation=axile
|ovary position=inferior;inferior;inferior;inferior;inferior
|ovary quantity=1/2;0;1/2
|ovule orientation=anatropous
|ovule quantity=1;50
|perianth position=epigynous;perigynous;epigynous;perigynous;hypogynous
|petal fusion=connate
|petal quantity=4;12
|petiole presence=absent;absent
|pistil architecture=2-12-carpellate
|pistil quantity=1
|seed quantity=1;50
|sepal architecture=petaloid
|sepal fusion=connate;distinct
|sepal quantity=4;12
|sepal size=enlarged
|slit dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|stamen fusion=free;connate;distinct
|stamen quantity=8;200
|stigma atypical quantity=1;2
|stigma quantity=2;12
|stipule presence=absent
|style length=connate;distinct
|style quantity=1;12
|whole_organism duration=deciduous;evergreen;deciduous;evergreen;deciduous;evergreen
|whole_organism growth form=vine;tree;shrub;subshrub
}}<!--

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