Lasthenia

Cassini

Opusc. Phytol. 3: 88. 1834.

Common names: Goldfields
Etymology: Greek, for a student of Plato, said to have been a woman who dressed as a man
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 336. Mentioned on page 255, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341.
 TaxonIllustrator 
FNA21 P52 Lasthenia californica.jpegLasthenia californica subsp. californica
Lasthenia gracilis
Lasthenia glaberrima
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey

Annuals (perennials), to 40 (–60) cm (taprooted or roots fibrous, fleshy and clustered in Lasthenia californica subsp. bakeri). Stems usually erect, sometimes decumbent, prostrate, or sprawling, simple or branched (usually distally, often proximally in decumbent plants). Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually linear, often 1 (–2) -pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy. Heads usually radiate, sometimes ± disciform (in L. glaberrima and L. microglossa), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. Involucres obconic to hemispheric, 3–5+ mm diam. Phyllaries usually persistent, sometimes falling with cypselae, 4–18 in 1 (–2) series (usually ± erect in fruit, distinct or ± connate, narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, mostly herbaceous, bases flat or weakly cupped, faces not woolly, except sometimes in L. minor and L. platycarpha). Receptacles hemispheric to narrowly conic or subulate, smooth, papillate, or pitted, glabrous or hairy, epaleate. Ray-florets 4–16, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in L. debilis, often somewhat darker proximally, laminae rarely lacking in L. glaberrima and L. microglossa). Disc-florets 5–100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in L. debilis), tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes (4–) 5, deltate. Cypselae (black to gray) usually cylindric to obovoid, glabrous or hairy, sometimes papillate (flattened, margins fringed with blunt, curved hairs in L. chrysantha); pappi 0, or of 1–12 erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, truncate or aristate scales (sometimes 2 kinds in combination on single cypselae). x = 8.

Distribution

w North America, nw Mexico, South America (Chile)

Discussion

Species 18 (17 in the flora).

Lasthenias occur in a wide variety of habitats; some are particularly conspicuous members of vernal-pool floras. The characteristic rich, golden yellow color of Lasthenia gracilis can be seen to cover thousands of hectares of grasslands and open woodlands in early spring, giving the genus its common name. Relatively few taxa are widely distributed; most have relatively restricted distributions. Some are considered to be of conservation concern.

Lasthenia glaberrima, L. kunthii, L. maritima, and L. microglossa are self-pollinating; the rest are self-incompatible, obligate outcrossers. Lasthenia ornduffii and two subspecies of L. californica are perennial; the rest are spring annuals. It is not uncommon to find two Lasthenia species growing more or less sympatrically (in discrete populations).

Most lasthenias show a wide latitude of morphologic response to environmental conditions. Growth of individual plants of Lasthenia is robust in good conditions; in unfavorable conditions, single stems terminating in relatively small heads with relatively few florets are produced. Other morphologic characters such as the degree of leaf dissection, leaf margin, and pappus elements sometimes are plastic.

Circumscriptions of taxa here are based on R. Ornduff (1966b) with realignments proposed by R. Chan (2000). Sections are characterized by morphology, chromosome numbers, biochemistry, ecology, and molecular data.

Key

1 Phyllaries connate 2/3+ their lengths > 2
1 Phyllaries distinct or connate 1/4–1/2 their lengths > 3
2 Cypselae epappose Lasthenia sect. Hologymne
2 Cypselae pappose Lasthenia sect. Lasthenia
3 Leaves entire or ± toothed (not pinnatifid); corolla floral pigments turning deep red in dilute aqueous alkali > 4
3 Leaves (especially midstem) usually 1(–2)-pinnately lobed or -pinnatifid, sometimes entire; corolla floral pigments remaining yellow in dilute aqueous alkali > 5
4 Ray laminae 2.5–16 mm; receptacles usually narrowly conic to conic (subulate in L. leptalea, ray laminae 2.5–5 mm) Lasthenia sect. Amphiachaenia
4 Ray laminae 0–1 mm (and anther appendages eglandular), or 3–5 mm; receptacles subulate Lasthenia sect. Burrielia
5 Cypselae to 1.5 mm Lasthenia sect. Ornduffia
5 Cypselae 1.5–3.5 mm > 6
6 Cypselae pappose (pappi of 4–6 lanceolate to ovate, aristate scales) Lasthenia sect. Platycarpha
6 Cypselae epappose or pappose (pappi of 2–12 lanceolate, ovate, subulate, aristate scales, sometimes plus 4–5+ shorter, truncate, fimbriate, or laciniate scales) Lasthenia sect. Ptilomeris
... more about "Lasthenia"
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
connate +  and distinct +
subequal +
scarious +
usually ovate +  and lanceolate +
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
paniculiform +, glomerate +  and corymbiform +
indeterminate +  and determinate +
Raymund Chan +  and Robert Ornduff† +
Cassini +
decurrent +
compound +  and simple +
winged;ribbed;winged;ribbed +
tuberculate +  and rugose +
barbellulate +  and barbellate +
Goldfields +
yellow +  and orangish +
hairy +  and glabrous +
4 +  and 18 +
papillate +
usually cylindric +  and obovoid +
fertile +  and bisexual +
fertile +  and bisexual +
w North America +, nw Mexico +  and South America (Chile) +
Greek, for a student of Plato, said to have been a woman who dressed as a man +
hairy +  and glabrous +
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
winged +  and beaked +
dispersed +
in more or less corymbiform arrays +  and singly +
indeterminate +
homogamous +  and heterogamous +
each +  and sessile +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
obconic;hemispheric +
sessile +  and petiolate +
papillate +
deltate +
dentate to pinnatifid or palmatifid +  and entire +
2-carpellate +
persistent +
of 1 +  and 12+ aristate +
aristate +, truncate +, laciniate +  and fimbriate +
scarious-margined +
connate +  and distinct +
weakly +  and flat +
glabrous +, glabrate +, woolly +  and tomentose +
3 +  and 18 +
Opusc. Phytol. +
hairy +  and glabrous +
pitted +, papillate +  and smooth +
hemispheric;narrowly conic or subulate +
chan2000a +, chan2001a +  and ornduff1966a +
exalbuminous +
branched +  and simple +
sprawling +, prostrate +  and decumbent +
appendaged +  and truncate +
hirsutulous +  and glabrous +
papillate +
Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Eriophyllinae +
Lasthenia +
Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae +
campanulate +
toothed +  and entire +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
shrub +  and subshrub +