View source for Limnanthaceae

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Limnanthaceae
|accepted_authority=R. Brown
|publications=
|common_names=Meadowfoam Family
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Limnanthaceae
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Limnanthaceae]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 172
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism pubescence;whole_organism growth form">glabrous or pubescent (not glandular; producing glucosinolates).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>erect, decumbent, or sprawling;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stem orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem growth form or orientation;stem architecture">unbranched.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>alternate, simple or compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture;leaf architecture or shape">venation pinnate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="stipule presence">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="petiole presence">petiole present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="blade margin shape;blade margin shape;blade margin architecture;blade margin architecture;blade margin architecture;blade margin architecture">blade margins entire or pinnately lobed, bipinnate, or ternate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary, flowers solitary;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="bract presence">bracts absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="pedicel presence"><b>Pedicels </b>present.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower shape"><b>Flowers </b>usually bisexual, usually actinomorphic, rotate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="perianth position;androecium position">perianth and androecium hypogynous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="sepal duration;sepal fusion;sepal fusion;sepal quantity;sepal quantity;sepal variability;sepal size">sepals usually persistent, 3 or 5 (4 in Limnanthes macounii), distinct or slightly connate basally, equal or unequal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="petal arrangement or shape;petal fusion;petal variability">petals same number as sepals, convolute in bud, distinct, equal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="nectary gland presence">nectary glands present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen quantity;stamen quantity;stamen quantity">stamens 3, 6, 8, or 10 (same or twice the number of sepals);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="filament fusion;filament pubescence">filaments distinct, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence;anther architecture;slit dehiscence or orientation;pollen architecture;pollen dehiscence;pollen architecture;pollen architecture;grain quantity">anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits, introrse or extrorse, tetrasporangiate, pollen shed in single grains, binucleate, 2–4-aperturate, colpate or colporate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s20" data-properties="disc presence">disc absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s21" data-properties="gynophore presence">gynophore absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s22" data-properties="pistil quantity">pistil 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s23" data-properties="">ovary 2–5-carpellate, syncarpous basally (united by gynobasic style);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s24" data-properties="ovary architecture;ovary architecture;ovary placentation">placentation basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s25" data-properties="ovule quantity;ovule orientation;ovule architecture">ovules 1 per locule, anatropous, unitegmic;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s26" data-properties="style quantity">style 1 (gynobasic);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s27" data-properties="stigma quantity">stigmas (2 or) 3–5 (dry, papillate).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s28" data-properties="fruits schizocarp relief;fruits schizocarp shape;fruits schizocarp relief;fruits schizocarp relief;fruits schizocarp relief;fruits schizocarp relief"><b>Fruits </b>schizocarps (mericarps or nutlets), tuberculate, ridged, smooth, or rugulose.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s29" data-properties=""><b>Seeds </b>1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s30" data-properties="seed quantity;seed architecture">not arillate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s31" data-properties="endosperm presence">endosperm absent.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America
|discussion=<p>Genera 2, species 8 (8 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Placement of Limnanthaceae in Brassicales is supported by molecular and chemical data, especially the presence of mustard oils. Traditionally (A. Cronquist 1981), the family has been associated with the Geraniaceae in the Geraniales because of the similarity of habit and floral structure, especially the fruits that separate into mericarps, as do those in Geraniaceae.</p><!--
--><p>Limnanthaceae are endemic to North America. The greatest diversity is in California, where most of the species of Limnanthes occur. Floerkea, with a single species, occurs widely across the continent; it is barely present in the southeastern United States.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=link1992a
|text=Link, D. A. 1992. The floral nectaries of Limnanthaceae. Pl. Syst. Evol. 179: 235–243.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ornduff1968a
|text=Ornduff, R. and T. J. Crovello. 1968. Numerical taxonomy of Limnanthaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 173–182.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ornduff1971a
|text=Ornduff, R. 1971. Systematic studies of Limnanthaceae. Madroño 21: 103–111.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=parker1979a
|text=Parker, W. H. and B. A. Bohm. 1979. Flavonoids and taxonomy of Limnanthaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 66: 191–197.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=plotkin1998a
|text=Plotkin, M. S. 1998. Phylogeny and Biogeography of Limnanthaceae. M.S. thesis. University of California, Davis.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals and sepals 3; petals shorter than sepals; stamens 3 or 6.
|[[Floerkea|Floerkea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals and sepals (4 or) 5; petals usually longer than sepals; stamens 8 or 10.
|[[Limnanthes|Limnanthes]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Limnanthaceae
|author=Gordon C. Tucker
|authority=R. Brown
|rank=family
|parent rank=
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Limnanthaceae
|illustrator=Barbara Alongi
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=North America
|reference=link1992a;ornduff1968a;ornduff1971a;parker1979a;plotkin1998a
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V7/V7_206.xml
|androecium position=hypogynous
|anther architecture=tetrasporangiate
|anther dehiscence=extrorse;introrse;dehiscing
|blade margin architecture=ternate;bipinnate;ternate;bipinnate
|blade margin shape=lobed;entire
|bract presence=absent
|disc presence=absent
|endosperm presence=absent
|filament fusion=distinct
|filament pubescence=glabrous
|flower architecture=actinomorphic
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
|flower reproduction=bisexual
|flower shape=rotate
|fruits schizocarp relief=rugulose;smooth;rugulose;smooth;tuberculate
|fruits schizocarp shape=ridged
|grain quantity=single
|gynophore presence=absent
|inflorescence position=axillary
|leaf architecture=compound;simple
|leaf architecture or shape=pinnate
|leaf arrangement=alternate
|nectary gland presence=absent
|ovary architecture=syncarpous;2-5-carpellate
|ovary placentation=basal
|ovule architecture=unitegmic
|ovule orientation=anatropous
|ovule quantity=1
|pedicel presence=absent
|perianth position=hypogynous
|petal arrangement or shape=convolute
|petal fusion=distinct
|petal variability=equal
|petiole presence=absent
|pistil quantity=1
|pollen architecture=colporate;colpate;binucleate
|pollen dehiscence=2-4-aperturate
|seed architecture=not arillate
|seed quantity=1
|sepal duration=persistent
|sepal fusion=list;count
|sepal quantity=5;3
|sepal size=unequal
|sepal variability=equal
|slit dehiscence or orientation=longitudinal
|stamen quantity=10;8;6;3
|stem architecture=unbranched
|stem growth form or orientation=sprawling;decumbent;sprawling;decumbent
|stem orientation=erect
|stigma quantity=3;5
|stipule presence=absent
|style quantity=1
|whole_organism duration=annual
|whole_organism growth form=herb
|whole_organism pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
}}<!--

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