View source for Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus
|accepted_authority=(L’Heritier ex Willdenow) Heimerl in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
|place=31[III,1b]: 24. 1889
|year=1889
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Undefined sect. Oxybaphus
|authority=L’Heritier ex Willdenow
|rank=section
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=1(1): 170, 185. 1797
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Nyctaginaceae;Mirabilis;Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Nyctaginaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Mirabilis]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 4
|mention_page=page 40, 41
|treatment_page=page 50
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism duration;whole_organism growth form;root shape;root shape;root width;root texture"><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, from cylindric, cordlike or thick and woody roots.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem architecture"><b>Stems </b>erect to decumbent, sparsely to densely leafy primarily in proximal 2/3 or throughout.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="basal leaf architecture;blade width"><b>Leaves:</b> basal leaves petiolate, blade proportionately broader;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="distal leaf architecture;distal leaf architecture;blade width;margin shape">distal leaves sessile or subsessile, blade narrower, margins entire to crisped.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position or structure subtype;cyme architecture;cyme architecture;cyme quantity;cyme architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary and terminal in open or congested, few or repeatedly branched cymes (single in axils, especially in cleistogamous phases);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="involucre size;involucre coloration;involucre coloration or reflectance;involucre architecture;involucre shape;flower atypical quantity;flower quantity">involucres usually notably accrescent, becoming tan, translucent, prominently net-veined, broadly bell-shaped to saucer-shaped, with (1–) 3 flowers inserted at base.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="perianth shape;perianth shape;tube size or width"><b>Flowers:</b> perianth broadly funnelform, abruptly flared from narrow tubes, deeply 5-lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 3–5.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;rib quantity;rib position;base size;apex shape;apex architecture;surface relief;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface coating"><b>Fruits </b>with 5 low ribs, obovoid or narrowly obovate and tapering at both ends, base prominently constricted, apex rounded to nipplelike, surface of fruit slightly rugose to prominently tuberculate on ribs and/or sulci (or ribs and/or sulci without tubercles), glabrous or pubescent, mucilaginous when wetted.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;Central America;South America
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 25 (10 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus is most diverse in the warm, semiarid regions of North America. Of all the subgroups (i.e., genera in P. C. Standley 1918) within a broadly constructed Mirabilis, sect. Oxybaphus has been the last to be maintained at the generic level by some authors of regional floras. The markedly accrescent involucres of most species make members of the section easily recognized. Standley (1931), in making transfers from Allionia and Oxybaphus to Mirabilis, noted that characteristics supposedly distinctive between segregate genera are not so in South America. C. F. Reed (1969) also used this justification for an inclusive Mirabilis in a treatment of Texas species.</p><!--
--><p>Taxonomy at the species level within the section is unusually problematic. In the introduction to his treatment for Mirabilis, L. H. Shinners (1951b) expressed biological and nomen-clatural problems that plague satisfactory classification. R. W. Cruden (1973) showed cleistogamic and chasmogamic flowers in M. nyctaginea, and self-compatibility in chasmogamic flowers, and R. Spellenberg (1998) mentioned other biological attributes that probably contribute to difficulties. The floral mechanism that Cruden described for M. nyctaginea (stamens and style curling together as the flowers close in late morning) is found in all species and ensures self-pollination. Cleistogamic flowers are found in many other species. Chasmogamic flowers are attractive in some species and are visited by various strong-flying pollinators, among them bees and hummingbirds. B. L. Turner (1993b) used the argument of cleistogamy and hybridization, combined with phenotypic plasticity, to support his concept of a widespread and variable M. albida. Ultimately, some species complexes in the section may be treated more satisfactorily with a number of broadly distributed and variable species, each consisting of a number of infraspecific taxa.</p><!--
--><p>Each species in this section intergrades in some respect with one or more others. Populations of these intergradient types are often highly uniform within. Here, insofar as practicable, species are recognized on combinations of characters that occur within some reasonably extensive geographic region and/or are found in populations that occur in certain rather well-defined ecological situations. Areas of difficult variation are the mountains of the south-western United States and the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains.</p><!--
--><p>Measurements for leaves in the following descriptions are for leaves from mid-stem area. Leaves located toward the base are commonly proportionately broader and on longer petioles; those near and in the inflorescence are proportionately narrower and have much shorter petioles or are sessile.</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus
|authority=(L’Heritier ex Willdenow) Heimerl in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl
|rank=section
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Undefined sect. Oxybaphus
|family=Nyctaginaceae
|distribution=sw United States;Mexico;Central America;South America
|reference=None
|publication title=in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
|publication year=1889
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V4/V4_97.xml
|genus=Mirabilis
|section=Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus
|apex architecture=nipplelike
|apex shape=rounded
|basal leaf architecture=petiolate
|base size=constricted
|blade width=narrower;broader
|cyme architecture=branched;congested;open
|cyme quantity=few
|distal leaf architecture=subsessile;sessile
|flower atypical quantity=1;3
|flower quantity=3
|fruit shape=tapering;obovate;obovoid
|inflorescence position=axillary
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
|involucre architecture=net-veined
|involucre coloration=tan
|involucre coloration or reflectance=translucent
|involucre shape=broadly bell-shaped;saucer-shaped
|involucre size=accrescent
|margin shape=entire;crisped
|perianth shape=5-lobed;flared
|rib position=low
|rib quantity=5
|root shape=cordlike;cylindric
|root texture=woody
|root width=thick
|stamen quantity=3;5
|stem architecture=leafy
|stem orientation=erect;decumbent
|surface coating=mucilaginous
|surface pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
|surface relief=slightly rugose;prominently tuberculate
|tube size or width=narrow
|whole_organism duration=perennial
|whole_organism growth form=herb
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Mirabilis]]