Orthilia secunda

(Linnaeus) House

Amer. Midl. Naturalist 7: 134. 1921,.

Illustrated
Basionym: Pyrola secunda Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753
Synonyms: Orthilia secunda subsp. obtusata (Turczaninow) Böcher Orthilia secunda var. obtusata (Turczaninow) House Pyrola secunda subsp. obtusata (Turczaninow) Hultén Pyrola secunda var. obtusata Turczaninow
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 388.

Plants rhizomatous, 1.2–2.7 (–3.3) dm. Leaves: petiole 4–20 mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade dull and light green abaxially, shiny and green adaxially, (10–) 20–47 (–58) × 7–28 (–35) mm, base rounded to acute, apex rounded to acute. Inflorescences (2–) 3–29-flowered; peduncle 10–20 (–25) cm, peduncular bracts absent or 2–7, subulate to narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 3–9 × 1–2 mm, membranous, margins entire or erose-denticulate; inflorescence bracts subulate to lanceolate-ovate or narrowly ovate, ca. as long as pedicels they subtend, 4–9 × 0.4–1.8 mm, herbaceous. Pedicels (1–) 3–7 (–9) mm. Flowers: calyx lobes appressed or spreading in fruit, entirely green or margins hyaline to white or pinkish, 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1.3 mm, margins erose-denticulate, sometimes obscurely so, apex rounded to obtuse; petals broadly ovate, 4.5–6 × 3–4 mm, margins erose-denticulate or irregularly toothed; stamens 4–8 mm; filament base 0.1–0.3 mm wide; anthers 1.2–1.8 mm, thecae tan or light-brown, pores 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.4 mm; ovary smooth; style 3–5 (–7) mm; stigma 1.4–2 mm wide. Capsules depressed-globose, 3–5 × 4–6 mm. 2n = 38.


Phenology: Flowering Jun–Aug.
Habitat: Dry to moist, coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forests, bogs, arctic and alpine tundra
Elevation: 10-3200 m

Distribution

V8 733-distribution-map.gif

Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, Central America (Guatemala), Eurasia

Discussion

Plants in open, alpine and arctic habitats often have leaf blades orbiculate to orbiculate-ovate, 10–20 mm, apices obtuse, anthers ca. 1 mm, and styles 3–4.5 mm, and have been called Orthilia secunda subsp. obtusata. E. Haber (1972) concluded that these characters vary too freely among populations to warrant distinction.

The Southern Carrier of British Columbia made a decoction from the roots, which they used as an eyewash (D. E. Moerman 1998).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Orthilia secunda"
0.12 cm1.2 mm <br />0.0012 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
rounded +  and obtuse +
Craig C. Freeman +
(Linnaeus) House +
rounded;acute +
Pyrola secunda +
4.7 cm47 mm <br />0.047 m <br /> (5.8 cm58 mm <br />0.058 m <br />) +
2.8 cm28 mm <br />0.028 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
green +  and light green +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4.7 cm47 mm <br />0.047 m <br />) +
shiny +  and dull +
ovate;broadly ovate or elliptic +
subcoriaceous +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (2.8 cm28 mm <br />0.028 m <br />) +
spreading +  and appressed +
broadly triangular +  and ovate +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
depressed-globose +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
pseudoverticillate +, in basal rosettes +  and alternate +
persistent +  and deciduous +
rotate to crateriform campanulate cylindric globose or urceolate +
suburceolate +
Greenland +, St. Pierre and Miquelon +, Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Nunavut +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.Dak. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Mexico +, Central America (Guatemala) +  and Eurasia +
10-3200 m +
undifferentiated +
fusiform +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br />) +
nodding +  and spreading +
unisexual +  and bisexual +
loculicidal +
Dry to moist, coniferous, mixed, and deciduous forests, bogs, arctic and alpine tundra +
multicellular +
(2-)3-29-flowered +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
subulate +  and lanceolate-ovate or narrowly ovate +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
pseudoverticillate +  and alternate +
persistent +
scale-like +
reduced +
hyaline +  and white or pinkish +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
toothed;erose-denticulate;erose-denticulate;erose-denticulate;entire +
0.5mm;1.3mm +
parietal +, axile +  and placentation +
intruded-parietal +
tenuinucellate +  and unitegmic +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
recurved +  and reflexed +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
subulate +  and narrowly or broadly lanceolate +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
white;yellowish white;white;yellowish white;greenish white +
distinct +
4.5mm;6mm +
reduced +
not sticky +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
channeled +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Flowering Jun–Aug. +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
Amer. Midl. Naturalist +
tan;yellowish-brown or brown +
distinct +
fusiform +
Illustrated +
exserted +  and included +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
erect +  and decumbent +
papillose +
peltate +  and capitate +
5-ridged +
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
nearly +  and straight +
expanded +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
serrate +  and serrulate +
Orthilia secunda subsp. obtusata +, Orthilia secunda var. obtusata +, Pyrola secunda subsp. obtusata +  and Pyrola secunda var. obtusata +
Orthilia secunda +
Orthilia +
species +
light-brown;tan +
evergreen +, deciduous +  and perennial +