Pedicularis canadensis

Linnaeus

Mant. Pl. 1: 86. 1767.

Common names: Canadian lousewort wood betony pédiculaire du Canada
Illustrated
Synonyms: Pedicularis canadensis var. dobbsii Fernald P. canadensis subsp. fluviatilis (A. Heller) W. A. Weber P. canadensis var. fluviatilis (A. Heller) J. F. Macbride
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 517. Mentioned on page 510, 512.

Plants 4–50 cm. Leaves: basal 2–20, blade lanceolate, 15–100 x 3–40 mm, 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, 1-serrate or 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous or hispid; cauline 1–10, blade lanceolate, 10–70 x 5–20 mm, 1-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping or slightly overlapping distally, 1-serrate or 2-serrate, surfaces glabrous or hispid. Racemes simple, 1–5, exceeding basal leaves, each 10–40-flowered; bracts lanceolate, ovate, spatulate, or trullate, 5–40 x 1–10 mm, undivided proximally, undivided to 1-pinnatifid distally, proximal margins entire, distal 1-serrate or 2-serrate, sometimes crenate, surfaces glabrous or hispid to tomentose. Pedicels 1.5–2 mm. Flowers: calyx 7–12 mm, glabrous, hispid, or tomentose, lobes 2, triangular, 0.5–2 mm, apex entire, glabrous or ciliate; corolla 18–25 mm, tube yellow, 8–15 mm; galea yellow, yellow with red veins, or red, sometimes purple, 10–14 mm, beakless, margins entire medially, 1-toothed distally, apex arching over abaxial lip; abaxial lip expanded, yellow or white, 6–7 mm. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat: Deciduous forests, forest edges, prairies, alpine wet meadows.
Elevation: 70–2500 m.

Distribution

Man., N.B., Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Mexico

Discussion

Pedicularis canadensis is chiefly of the Midwestern prairies; in eastern states and provinces, it grows in forest openings and along forest edges. It also inhabits alpine wet meadows at higher elevations along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Corollas may be yellow, yellow with red veins, red (forma praeclara A. H. Moore), or bicolored with a yellow corolla tube, yellow abaxial lip, and red galea (forma bicolor Farwell).

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Pedicularis canadensis"
white +  and yellow +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
beakless +  and beaked +
ciliate +  and glabrous +
Bruce W. Robart +
Linnaeus +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
1-pinnatifid;lanceolate;2-pinnatifid;1-pinnatifid;lanceolate +
not leathery +  and not fleshy +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
undivided +  and 1-pinnatifid +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
tomentose;hispid;tomentose;hispid;glabrous +
tubular +, campanulate +  and symmetric +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
fleshy +  and woody +
whorled +  and alternate +
Canadian lousewort +, wood betony +  and pédiculaire du Canada +
white +, yellow +, red +, purple +  and pink +
cylindric +
1.8 cm18 mm <br />0.018 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
2-serrate +  and 1-serrate +
Man. +, N.B. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Nebr. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and Mexico +
70–2500 m. +
hairy +  and glabrous +
2 +  and 1 +
indehiscent +, septicidal +, loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
red +  and yellow +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.4 cm14 mm <br />0.014 m <br />) +
Deciduous forests, forest edges, prairies, alpine wet meadows. +
axillary +  and terminal +
spiral +, whorled +, alternate +  and opposite +
deciduous +
basal +  and cauline +
triangular +
entire +, 2-serrate +  and 1-serrate +
overlapping +  and nonoverlapping +
1-toothed +
tenuinucellate +  and unitegmic +
campylotropous-like +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Flowering Apr–Jun. +
10-40-flowered;simple +
tan;brown;tan;brown;dark gray +
5 +  and 100 +
5 +  and 2 +
Illustrated +
subequal +
aerial +  and subterranean +
woolly +, villous +, hispid +  and glabrous +
hispid;tomentose +
Pedicularis canadensis var. dobbsii +, P. canadensis subsp. fluviatilis +  and P. canadensis var. fluviatilis +
Pedicularis canadensis +
Pedicularis +
species +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +