Property:Spine orientation

Types of spine orientation

None.

Parts of spine orientation

None.

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A
Acanthocereus +
spreading  +
Acanthocereus tetragonus +
diverging  +
Acanthoscyphus +
recurved  +
Acanthoscyphus parishii +
recurved  +
Acanthoscyphus parishii var. abramsii +
recurved  +
Acanthoscyphus parishii var. cienegensis +
recurved  +
Acanthoscyphus parishii var. goodmaniana +
recurved  +
Acanthoscyphus parishii var. parishii +
recurved  +
Aconogonon +
recurved  +
Aconogonon alaskanum +
recurved  +
Aconogonon alaskanum var. alaskanum +
recurved  +
Aconogonon alaskanum var. glabrescens +
recurved  +
Aconogonon davisiae +
recurved  +
Aconogonon davisiae var. davisiae +
recurved  +
Aconogonon davisiae var. glabrum +
recurved  +
Aconogonon phytolaccifolium +
recurved  +
Aconogonon phytolaccifolium var. glabrum +
recurved  +
Aconogonon phytolaccifolium var. phytolaccifolium +
recurved  +
Antigonon +
recurved  +
Antigonon leptopus +
recurved  +
Aristocapsa +
recurved  +
Aristocapsa insignis +
recurved  +
B
Bistorta +
recurved  +
Bistorta bistortoides +
recurved  +
Bistorta officinalis +
recurved  +
Bistorta plumosa +
recurved  +
Bistorta vivipara +
recurved  +
Brunnichia +
recurved  +
Brunnichia ovata +
recurved  +
C
Carnegiea +
spreading  +
Carnegiea gigantea +
spreading  +
Centaurea calcitrapa +
spreading  +
Centaurea iberica +
spreading  +
Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Centrostegia +
recurved  +
Centrostegia thurberi +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe angustifolia +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe biloba +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe biloba var. biloba +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe biloba var. immemora +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe blakleyi +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe brevicornu +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe brevicornu var. brevicornu +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe brevicornu var. spathulata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe breweri +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe clevelandii +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe corrugata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe cuspidata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe cuspidata var. cuspidata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe cuspidata var. villosa +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe diffusa +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe douglasii +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe fimbriata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe fimbriata var. fimbriata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe fimbriata var. laciniata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe howellii +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe leptotheca +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe membranacea +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe obovata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe orcuttiana +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe palmeri +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe parryi +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe polygonoides +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe polygonoides var. longispina +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe polygonoides var. polygonoides +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe procumbens +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe pungens +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe rectispina +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe rigida +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe robusta +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe sect. Acanthogonum +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe sect. Fragile +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe sect. Ptelosepala +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe spinosa +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe staticoides +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe stellulata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe subg. Amphietes +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe subg. Eriogonella +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe subg. Quintaria +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe uniaristata +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe valida +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe ventricosa +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe watsonii +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe wheeleri +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe xanti +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe xanti var. leucotheca +
recurved  +
Chorizanthe xanti var. xanti +
recurved  +
Cirsium altissimum +
spreading  +
Cirsium arizonicum +
erect  +, reflexed  +
Cirsium arizonicum var. arizonicum +
erect  +, reflexed  +
Cirsium arizonicum var. bipinnatum +
erect  +, reflexed  +
Cirsium arizonicum var. chellyense +
erect  +, reflexed  +
Cirsium arizonicum var. rothrockii +
erect  +, reflexed  +
Cirsium arizonicum var. tenuisectum +
erect  +, reflexed  +
Cirsium barnebyi +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium brevifolium +
spreading  +
Cirsium canescens +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium carolinianum +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium ciliolatum +
ascending  +
Cirsium clavatum +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium clavatum var. americanum +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium clavatum var. clavatum +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium clavatum var. osterhoutii +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium cymosum +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium cymosum var. canovirens +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium cymosum var. cymosum +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium discolor +
abruptly spreading  +, deflexed  +
Cirsium douglasii +
spreading  +
Cirsium douglasii var. breweri +
spreading  +
Cirsium douglasii var. douglasii +
spreading  +
Cirsium drummondii +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium engelmannii +
abruptly spreading  +, deflexed  +
Cirsium flodmanii +
spreading  +
Cirsium grahamii +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium helenioides +
ascending  +
Cirsium inamoenum +
abruptly spreading  +, ascending  +
Cirsium inamoenum var. davisii +
abruptly spreading  +, ascending  +
Cirsium inamoenum var. inamoenum +
abruptly spreading  +, ascending  +
Cirsium lecontei +
ascending  +
Cirsium mohavense +
spreading  +
Cirsium muticum +
erect  +
Cirsium neomexicanum +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium nuttallii +
spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale var. californicum +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale var. candidissimum +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale var. compactum +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale var. coulteri +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale var. lucianum +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale var. occidentale +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium occidentale var. venustum +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium ochrocentrum +
spreading  +
Cirsium ochrocentrum var. martinii +
spreading  +
Cirsium ochrocentrum var. ochrocentrum +
spreading  +
Cirsium palustre +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium perplexans +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Cirsium pitcheri +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium pulcherrimum +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium pulcherrimum var. aridum +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium pulcherrimum var. pulcherrimum +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium quercetorum +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium repandum +
ascending  +, erect  +
Cirsium scariosum +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. americanum +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. citrinum +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. coloradense +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. congdonii +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. robustum +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. scariosum +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. thorneae +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium scariosum var. toiyabense +
erect  +, spreading  +
Cirsium texanum +
spreading  +
Cirsium tracyi +
spreading  +
Cirsium undulatum +
spreading  +
Cirsium virginianum +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Cirsium wrightii +
spreading  +
Coccoloba +
recurved  +
Coccoloba diversifolia +
recurved  +
Coccoloba uvifera +
recurved  +
Consolea corallicola +
spreading  +
Coryphantha macromeris +
projecting  +
Coryphantha robertii +
appressed  +, descend  +, projecting  +
Coryphantha sulcata +
downward  +, erect  +
Cylindropuntia arbuscula +
deflexed  +
Cylindropuntia imbricata +
not spreading  +
Cylindropuntia imbricata var. argentea +
not spreading  +
Cylindropuntia imbricata var. imbricata +
not spreading  +
Cylindropuntia prolifera +
deflexed  +, spreading  +
Cylindropuntia whipplei +
deflexed  +
Cylindropuntia ×tetracantha +
deflexed  +
D
Dedeckera +
recurved  +
Dedeckera eurekensis +
recurved  +
Dodecahema +
recurved  +
Dodecahema leptoceras +
recurved  +
E
Echinocactus horizonthalonius +
decurved  +, projecting  +
Echinocactus texensis +
decurved  +, porrect  +
Echinocereus berlandieri +
appressed-spreading  +
Echinocereus bonkerae +
porrect  +, spreading or descending  +
Echinocereus coccineus +
appressed  +, slightly projecting  +
Echinocereus dasyacanthus +
appressed  +, spreading  +
Echinocereus fendleri +
spreading  +
Echinocereus nicholii +
divergent-porrect  +
Echinocereus papillosus +
appressed  +, projecting  +
Echinocereus pectinatus var. wenigeri +
appressed  +, projecting  +
Echinocereus pentalophus +
spreading  +
Echinocereus pseudopectinatus +
appressed  +, spreading  +
Echinocereus triglochidiatus +
projecting  +, spreading  +
Echinocereus viridiflorus +
appressed  +, spreading  +
Echinomastus intertextus var. dasyacanthus +
slightly appressed  +, spreading  +
Emex +
recurved  +
Emex australis +
ascending  +, spreading  +
Emex spinosa +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Ephemerum spinulosum +
recurved  +, spreading  +
Epithelantha +
erect  +
Epithelantha bokei +
erect  +
Epithelantha micromeris +
erect  +
Epithelantha micromeris var. micromeris +
erect  +
Eriogonum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum abertianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum acaule +
recurved  +
Eriogonum alatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum alatum var. alatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum alatum var. glabriusculum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum aliquantum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum allenii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum alpinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ammophilum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ampullaceum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum androsaceum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum anemophilum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum angulosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum annuum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum apiculatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum apricum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum apricum var. apricum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum apricum var. prostratum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum arborescens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum arcuatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum arcuatum var. arcuatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum arcuatum var. rupicola +
recurved  +
Eriogonum arcuatum var. xanthum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum aretioides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum argillosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum argophyllum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum arizonicum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum artificis +
recurved  +
Eriogonum atrorubens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum atrorubens var. atrorubens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum baileyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum baileyi var. baileyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum batemanii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum bicolor +
recurved  +
Eriogonum bifurcatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brachyanthum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brachypodum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brandegeei +
recurved  +
Eriogonum breedlovei +
recurved  +
Eriogonum breedlovei var. breedlovei +
recurved  +
Eriogonum breedlovei var. shevockii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. bannockense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. brevicaule +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. caelitum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. canum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. cottamii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. laxifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. micranthum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum brevicaule var. nanum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum butterworthianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum caespitosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum capillare +
recurved  +
Eriogonum cernuum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum chrysops +
recurved  +
Eriogonum cinereum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum cithariforme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum cithariforme var. agninum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum cithariforme var. cithariforme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum clavatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum clavellatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum codium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum collinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum coloradense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum compositum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum compositum var. compositum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum compositum var. lancifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum compositum var. leianthum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum concinnum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum congdonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum contiguum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum contortum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum correllii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. aureum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. corymbosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. glutinosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. heilii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. nilesii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. orbiculatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. revealianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum corymbosum var. velutinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum covilleanum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum crocatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum cronquistii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum crosbyae +
recurved  +
Eriogonum cusickii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum darrovii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum dasyanthemum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum davidsonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum deflexum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum deflexum var. baratum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum deflexum var. deflexum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum deflexum var. nevadense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum deserticola +
recurved  +
Eriogonum desertorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum diatomaceum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum diclinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum divaricatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum douglasii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum douglasii var. douglasii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum douglasii var. elkoense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum douglasii var. meridionale +
recurved  +
Eriogonum eastwoodianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum effusum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum elatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum elatum var. elatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum elatum var. villosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum elegans +
recurved  +
Eriogonum elongatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum elongatum var. elongatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ephedroides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum eremicola +
recurved  +
Eriogonum eremicum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ericifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum esmeraldense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum esmeraldense var. esmeraldense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum esmeraldense var. toiyabense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum evanidum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum exaltatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum exilifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum fasciculatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum fasciculatum var. fasciculatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum fasciculatum var. flavoviride +
recurved  +
Eriogonum fasciculatum var. foliolosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum fasciculatum var. polifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum flavum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum flavum var. aquilinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum flavum var. flavum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum flavum var. piperi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum fusiforme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum giganteum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum giganteum var. compactum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum giganteum var. formosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum giganteum var. giganteum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gilmanii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum glandulosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gordonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gossypinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gracile +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gracile var. gracile +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gracile var. incultum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gracilipes +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gracillimum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum grande +
recurved  +
Eriogonum grande var. grande +
recurved  +
Eriogonum grande var. rubescens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum grande var. timorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum greggii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum gypsophilum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum havardii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. argense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. clokeyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. floccosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. heermannii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. humilius +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. occidentale +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. subspinosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heermannii var. sulcatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum helichrysoides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hemipterum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hemipterum var. hemipterum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heracleoides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heracleoides var. heracleoides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum heracleoides var. leucophaeum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hieracifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hirtellum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hirtiflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hoffmannii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hoffmannii var. hoffmannii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hoffmannii var. robustius +
recurved  +
Eriogonum holmgrenii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hookeri +
recurved  +
Eriogonum howellianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum hylophilum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum incanum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum inerme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum inerme var. hispidulum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum inerme var. inerme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum inflatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum intrafractum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum jamesii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum jamesii var. jamesii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum jamesii var. simplex +
recurved  +
Eriogonum jamesii var. undulatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum jonesii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kelloggii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kennedyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kennedyi var. alpigenum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kennedyi var. kennedyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kennedyi var. pinicola +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kennedyi var. purpusii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum kingii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lachnogynum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lachnogynum var. colobum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lachnogynum var. lachnogynum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lachnogynum var. sarahiae +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lancifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum latens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum latifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lemmonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum leptocladon +
recurved  +
Eriogonum leptocladon var. leptocladon +
recurved  +
Eriogonum leptocladon var. papiliunculi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum leptocladon var. ramosissimum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum leptophyllum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum libertini +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lobbii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum loganum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum lonchophyllum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum longifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum longifolium var. harperi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum longifolium var. longifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum luteolum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum luteolum var. caninum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum luteolum var. luteolum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum luteolum var. pedunculatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum luteolum var. saltuarium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum maculatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum mancum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum marifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum marifolium var. cupulatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum marifolium var. marifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum mensicola +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. alpinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. ambiguum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. arceuthinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. corymbosoides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. johnstonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. lacus-ursi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. lapidicola +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. laxiflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. microthecum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. panamintense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. phoeniceum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. schoolcraftii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum microthecum var. simpsonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum mitophyllum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum mohavense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum molestum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum mortonianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum multiflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum multiflorum var. multiflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum multiflorum var. riograndis +
recurved  +
Eriogonum natum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nealleyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nervulosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nidularium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum niveum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nortonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum novonudum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. auriculatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. decurrens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. deductum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. indictum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. murinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. nudum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. oblongifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. paralinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. pauciflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. pubiflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. regirivum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. scapigerum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nudum var. westonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nummulare +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nutans +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nutans var. glabratum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum nutans var. nutans +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ochrocephalum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var. calcareum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ochrocephalum var. ochrocephalum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ordii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ostlundii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. caelestinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. depressum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. eximium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. monarchense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. nivale +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. ochroleucum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. ovalifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. pansum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. purpureum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae +
recurved  +
Eriogonum palmerianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum panamintense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum panguicense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum panguicense var. alpestre +
recurved  +
Eriogonum panguicense var. panguicense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum parishii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum parvifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pauciflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pelinophilum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pendulum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pharnaceoides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pharnaceoides var. cervinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pharnaceoides var. pharnaceoides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum plumatella +
recurved  +
Eriogonum polycladon +
recurved  +
Eriogonum polypodum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum prattenianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum prattenianum var. avium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum prattenianum var. prattenianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum prociduum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum prociduum var. mystrium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum prociduum var. prociduum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pulchrum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pusillum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pyrolifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pyrolifolium var. coryphaeum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum pyrolifolium var. pyrolifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum racemosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum reniforme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ripleyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum rixfordii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum robustum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum rosense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum rosense var. beatleyae +
recurved  +
Eriogonum rosense var. rosense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum roseum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum rotundifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum rubricaule +
recurved  +
Eriogonum rupinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum salicornioides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum saxatile +
recurved  +
Eriogonum scabrellum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum scopulorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum shockleyi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum siskiyouense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum smithii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum soliceps +
recurved  +
Eriogonum soredium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum spathulatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum spectabile +
recurved  +
Eriogonum spergulinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum spergulinum var. pratense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum spergulinum var. reddingianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum spergulinum var. spergulinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum var. fasciculifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum var. halimioides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum var. sphaerocephalum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum sphaerocephalum var. sublineare +
recurved  +
Eriogonum strictum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum strictum var. anserinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum strictum var. greenei +
recurved  +
Eriogonum strictum var. proliferum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum strictum var. strictum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Clastomyelon +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Eriogonum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Eucycla +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Ganysma +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Micrantha +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Oligogonum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Oregonium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subg. Pterogonum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum subreniforme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum suffruticosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum temblorense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tenellum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tenellum var. platyphyllum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tenellum var. ramosissimum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tenellum var. tenellum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ternatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum terrenatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thomasii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thompsoniae +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thompsoniae var. albiflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thompsoniae var. atwoodii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thompsoniae var. thompsoniae +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thornei +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thurberi +
recurved  +
Eriogonum thymoides +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tiehmii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tomentosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum trichopes +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tripodum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum truncatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum tumulosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum twisselmannii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. ahartii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. argus +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. aureum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. bahiiforme +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. canifolium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. chlorothamnus +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. cladophorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. cognatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. covillei +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. desereticum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. devestivum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. dichrocephalum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. dumosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. ellipticum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. furcosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. glaberrimum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. goodmanii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. haussknechtii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. humistratum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. hypoleium +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. juniporinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. lautum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. majus +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. minus +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. modocense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. mohavense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. munzii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. nelsoniorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. nevadense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. polyanthum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. porteri +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. ramulosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. sandbergii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. smallianum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. speciosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. stragulum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. subaridum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. torreyanum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. umbellatum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. vernum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum umbellatum var. versicolor +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ursinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ursinum var. erubescens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum ursinum var. ursinum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum vestitum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum villiflorum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum vimineum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum viridescens +
recurved  +
Eriogonum viridulum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum viscidulum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum visheri +
recurved  +
Eriogonum watsonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wetherillii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wootonii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wrightii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wrightii var. membranaceum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wrightii var. nodosum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wrightii var. olanchense +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wrightii var. subscaposum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wrightii var. trachygonum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum wrightii var. wrightii +
recurved  +
Eriogonum zionis +
recurved  +
Eriogonum zionis var. coccineum +
recurved  +
Eriogonum zionis var. zionis +
recurved  +
F
Fagopyrum +
recurved  +
Fagopyrum esculentum +
recurved  +
Fagopyrum tataricum +
recurved  +
Fallopia +
recurved  +
Fallopia baldschuanica +
recurved  +
Fallopia cilinodis +
recurved  +
Fallopia convolvulus +
recurved  +
Fallopia dumetorum +
recurved  +
Fallopia japonica +
recurved  +
Fallopia japonica var. japonica +
recurved  +
Fallopia sachalinensis +
recurved  +
Fallopia scandens +
recurved  +
Fallopia ×bohemica +
recurved  +
G
Gilmania +
recurved  +
Gilmania luteola +
recurved  +
Goodmania +
recurved  +
Goodmania luteola +
recurved  +
Grusonia emoryi +
spreading  +
Grusonia pulchella +
deflexed  +
Grusonia schottii +
deflexed  +, spreading  +
H
Harrisia +
ascending  +, usually porrect  +
Harrisia aboriginum +
ascending  +, usually porrect  +
Harrisia fragrans +
ascending  +, usually porrect  +
Harrisia simpsonii +
ascending  +, usually porrect  +
Hollisteria +
recurved  +
Hollisteria lanata +
recurved  +
J
Johanneshowellia +
recurved  +
Johanneshowellia crateriorum +
recurved  +
Johanneshowellia puberula +
recurved  +
K
Koenigia +
recurved  +
Koenigia islandica +
recurved  +
L
Lastarriaea +
recurved  +
Lastarriaea coriacea +
recurved  +
M
Mammillaria grahamii +
porrect  +
Mucronea +
recurved  +
Mucronea californica +
recurved  +
Mucronea perfoliata +
recurved  +
Muehlenbeckia +
recurved  +
Muehlenbeckia complexa +
recurved  +
Muehlenbeckia hastulata +
recurved  +
Muehlenbeckia hastulata var. hastulata +
recurved  +
N
Nemacaulis +
recurved  +
Nemacaulis denudata +
recurved  +
Nemacaulis denudata var. denudata +
recurved  +
Nemacaulis denudata var. gracilis +
recurved  +
O
Opuntia aciculata +
deflexed  +
Opuntia aurea +
deflexed  +
Opuntia aureispina +
spreading  +
Opuntia basilaris var. treleasei +
spreading  +
Opuntia chisosensis +
spreading  +
Opuntia chlorotica +
deflexed  +, erect  +
Opuntia cubensis +
spreading  +
Opuntia engelmannii +
spreading  +, strongly reflexed  +
Opuntia engelmannii var. engelmannii +
spreading  +, strongly reflexed  +
Opuntia engelmannii var. flavispina +
arching  +, downward  +
Opuntia engelmannii var. flexispina +
deflexed  +, recurving  +
Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri +
spreading  +, strongly reflexed  +
Opuntia engelmannii var. linguiformis +
spreading  +, strongly reflexed  +
Opuntia ficus-indica +
deflexed  +
Opuntia humifusa +
deflexed  +, spreading  +
Opuntia humifusa var. ammophila +
deflexed  +, spreading  +
Opuntia humifusa var. humifusa +
deflexed  +, spreading  +
Opuntia littoralis +
erect  +
Opuntia macrocentra +
deflexed  +, reflexed  +
Opuntia macrorhiza +
erect  +, spreading  +
Opuntia oricola +
reflexed  +
Opuntia pinkavae +
porrect  +, reflexed  +
Opuntia polyacantha +
porrect  +, reflexed  +
Opuntia polyacantha var. arenaria +
porrect  +, reflexed  +
Opuntia polyacantha var. erinacea +
deflexed  +, reflexed  +
Opuntia polyacantha var. hystricina +
porrect  +, reflexed  +
Opuntia polyacantha var. nicholii +
ascending  +
Opuntia polyacantha var. polyacantha +
less deflexed  +, reflexed or porrect  +
Opuntia pusilla +
porrect  +, spreading  +
Opuntia strigil +
erect  +, reflexed  +, some  +, …
Opuntia tortispina +
deflexed  +
Opuntia triacantha +
porrect  +, spreading  +
Opuntia ×columbiana +
porrect  +, reflexed  +
Opuntia ×curvispina +
deflexed  +, spreading  +
Opuntia ×occidentalis +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Opuntia ×vaseyi +
reflexed  +, spreading  +
Oxyria +
recurved  +
Oxyria digyna +
recurved  +
Oxytheca +
recurved  +
Oxytheca dendroidea +
recurved  +
Oxytheca dendroidea subsp. dendroidea +
recurved  +
Oxytheca perfoliata +
recurved  +
Oxytheca watsonii +
recurved  +
P
Pediocactus +
erect  +, recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus bradyi +
recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus despainii +
spreading  +
Pediocactus knowltonii +
recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus nigrispinus +
spreading  +
Pediocactus paradinei +
erect  +, recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus peeblesianus +
erect  +, recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus peeblesianus subsp. fickeiseniae +
erect  +, recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus peeblesianus subsp. peeblesianus +
erect  +, recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus sileri +
erect  +, recurved  +, spreading  +
Pediocactus simpsonii +
spreading  +
Pediocactus winkleri +
downward  +, spreading  +
Peniocereus greggii var. transmontanus +
spreading  +
Persicaria +
recurved  +
Persicaria amphibia +
recurved  +
Persicaria arifolia +
recurved  +
Persicaria bicornis +
recurved  +
Persicaria bungeana +
recurved  +
Persicaria capitata +
recurved  +
Persicaria careyi +
recurved  +
Persicaria chinensis +
recurved  +
Persicaria glabra +
recurved  +
Persicaria hirsuta +
recurved  +
Persicaria hydropiper +
recurved  +
Persicaria hydropiperoides +
recurved  +
Persicaria lapathifolia +
recurved  +
Persicaria longiseta +
recurved  +
Persicaria maculosa +
recurved  +
Persicaria meisneriana +
recurved  +
Persicaria meisneriana var. beyrichiana +
recurved  +
Persicaria minor +
recurved  +
Persicaria nepalensis +
recurved  +
Persicaria orientalis +
recurved  +
Persicaria pensylvanica +
recurved  +
Persicaria perfoliata +
recurved  +
Persicaria punctata +
recurved  +
Persicaria robustior +
recurved  +
Persicaria sagittata +
recurved  +
Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon +
recurved  +
Persicaria sect. Echinocaulon +
recurved  +
Persicaria sect. Persicaria +
recurved  +
Persicaria sect. Rubrivena +
recurved  +
Persicaria sect. Tovara +
recurved  +
Persicaria setacea +
recurved  +
Persicaria virginiana +
recurved  +
Persicaria wallichii +
recurved  +
Persicaria wallichii var. wallichii +
recurved  +
Petiveria +
reflexed  +
Petiveria alliacea +
reflexed  +
Pisonia aculeata +
recurved  +
Pisonia capitata +
recurved  +
Polygonaceae +
recurved  +
Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae +
recurved  +
Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae +
recurved  +
Polygonella +
recurved  +
Polygonella americana +
recurved  +
Polygonella articulata +
recurved  +
Polygonella basiramia +
recurved  +
Polygonella ciliata +
recurved  +
Polygonella fimbriata +
recurved  +
Polygonella gracilis +
recurved  +
Polygonella macrophylla +
recurved  +
Polygonella myriophylla +
recurved  +
Polygonella parksii +
recurved  +
Polygonella polygama +
recurved  +
Polygonella polygama var. brachystachya +
recurved  +
Polygonella polygama var. croomii +
recurved  +
Polygonella polygama var. polygama +
recurved  +
Polygonella robusta +
recurved  +
Polygonum +
recurved  +
Polygonum achoreum +
recurved  +
Polygonum argyrocoleon +
recurved  +
Polygonum austiniae +
recurved  +
Polygonum aviculare +
recurved  +
Polygonum aviculare subsp. aviculare +
recurved  +
Polygonum aviculare subsp. boreale +
recurved  +
Polygonum aviculare subsp. buxiforme +
recurved  +
Polygonum aviculare subsp. depressum +
recurved  +
Polygonum aviculare subsp. neglectum +
recurved  +
Polygonum aviculare subsp. rurivagum +
recurved  +
Polygonum bidwelliae +
recurved  +
Polygonum bolanderi +
recurved  +
Polygonum californicum +
recurved  +
Polygonum cascadense +
recurved  +
Polygonum douglasii +
recurved  +
Polygonum engelmannii +
recurved  +
Polygonum erectum +
recurved  +
Polygonum fowleri +
recurved  +
Polygonum fowleri subsp. fowleri +
recurved  +
Polygonum fowleri subsp. hudsonianum +
recurved  +
Polygonum glaucum +
recurved  +
Polygonum heterosepalum +
recurved  +
Polygonum hickmanii +
recurved  +
Polygonum humifusum +
recurved  +
Polygonum humifusum subsp. caurianum +
recurved  +
Polygonum majus +
recurved  +
Polygonum marinense +
recurved  +
Polygonum minimum +
recurved  +
Polygonum nuttallii +
recurved  +
Polygonum oxyspermum +
recurved  +
Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. oxyspermum +
recurved  +
Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. raii +
recurved  +
Polygonum paronychia +
recurved  +
Polygonum parryi +
recurved  +
Polygonum patulum +
recurved  +
Polygonum plebeium +
recurved  +
Polygonum polygaloides +
recurved  +
Polygonum polygaloides subsp. confertiflorum +
recurved  +
Polygonum polygaloides subsp. esotericum +
recurved  +
Polygonum polygaloides subsp. kelloggii +
recurved  +
Polygonum polygaloides subsp. polygaloides +
recurved  +
Polygonum ramosissimum +
recurved  +
Polygonum ramosissimum subsp. prolificum +
recurved  +
Polygonum ramosissimum subsp. ramosissimum +
recurved  +
Polygonum sawatchense +
recurved  +
Polygonum sawatchense subsp. oblivium +
recurved  +
Polygonum sawatchense subsp. sawatchense +
recurved  +
Polygonum sect. Duravia +
recurved  +
Polygonum sect. Polygonum +
recurved  +
Polygonum shastense +
recurved  +
Polygonum spergulariiforme +
recurved  +
Polygonum striatulum +
recurved  +
Polygonum tenue +
recurved  +
Polygonum utahense +
recurved  +
Pterostegia +
recurved  +
Pterostegia drymarioides +
recurved  +
R
Rheum +
recurved  +
Rheum rhabarbarum +
recurved  +
Rumex +
recurved  +
Rumex acetosa +
recurved  +
Rumex acetosella +
recurved  +
Rumex alpinus +
recurved  +
Rumex altissimus +
recurved  +
Rumex arcticus +
recurved  +
Rumex beringensis +
recurved  +
Rumex britannica +
recurved  +
Rumex brownii +
recurved  +
Rumex bucephalophorus +
recurved  +
Rumex californicus +
recurved  +
Rumex chrysocarpus +
recurved  +
Rumex confertus +
recurved  +
Rumex conglomeratus +
recurved  +
Rumex crassus +
recurved  +
Rumex crispus +
recurved  +
Rumex cristatus +
recurved  +
Rumex cuneifolius +
recurved  +
Rumex densiflorus +
recurved  +
Rumex dentatus +
recurved  +
Rumex ellipticus +
recurved  +
Rumex fascicularis +
recurved  +
Rumex floridanus +
recurved  +
Rumex fueginus +
recurved  +
Rumex graminifolius +
recurved  +
Rumex hastatulus +
recurved  +
Rumex hesperius +
recurved  +
Rumex hymenosepalus +
recurved  +
Rumex kerneri +
recurved  +
Rumex krausei +
recurved  +
Rumex lacustris +
recurved  +
Rumex lapponicus +
recurved  +
Rumex longifolius +
recurved  +
Rumex maritimus +
recurved  +
Rumex mexicanus +
recurved  +
Rumex nematopodus +
recurved  +
Rumex obovatus +
recurved  +
Rumex obtusifolius +
recurved  +
Rumex occidentalis +
recurved  +
Rumex orthoneurus +
recurved  +
Rumex pallidus +
recurved  +
Rumex palustris +
recurved  +
Rumex paraguayensis +
recurved  +
Rumex patientia +
recurved  +
Rumex paucifolius +
recurved  +
Rumex persicarioides +
recurved  +
Rumex praecox +
recurved  +
Rumex pseudonatronatus +
recurved  +
Rumex pulcher +
recurved  +
Rumex pycnanthus +
recurved  +
Rumex salicifolius +
recurved  +
Rumex sanguineus +
recurved  +
Rumex sect. Axillares +
recurved  +
Rumex sect. Rumex +
recurved  +
Rumex sibiricus +
recurved  +
Rumex spiralis +
recurved  +
Rumex stenophyllus +
recurved  +
Rumex subarcticus +
recurved  +
Rumex subg. Acetosa +
recurved  +
Rumex subg. Acetosella +
recurved  +
Rumex subg. Platypodium +
recurved  +
Rumex subg. Rumex +
recurved  +
Rumex thyrsiflorus +
recurved  +
Rumex tomentellus +
recurved  +
Rumex transitorius +
recurved  +
Rumex triangulivalvis +
recurved  +
Rumex utahensis +
recurved  +
Rumex venosus +
recurved  +
Rumex verticillatus +
recurved  +
Rumex violascens +
recurved  +
S
Sclerocactus blainei +
spreading  +
Sclerocactus mesae-verdae +
spreading  +
Sclerocactus pubispinus +
spreading  +
Sclerocactus spinosior +
spreading  +
Sidotheca +
recurved  +
Sidotheca caryophylloides +
recurved  +
Sidotheca emarginata +
recurved  +
Sidotheca trilobata +
recurved  +
Stenogonum +
recurved  +
Stenogonum flexum +
recurved  +
Stenogonum salsuginosum +
recurved  +
Systenotheca +
recurved  +
Systenotheca vortriedei +
recurved  +
T
Tarenaya spinosa +
antrorse  +
Tetradymia argyraea +
ascending  +
Tetradymia axillaris +
squarrose  +
Tetradymia axillaris var. axillaris +
squarrose  +
Tetradymia axillaris var. longispina +
squarrose  +
Tetradymia nuttallii +
recurved  +
Tetradymia spinosa +
recurved  +
Tetradymia stenolepis +
ascending  +
V
Volutaria +
ascending  +, reflexed  +, spreading  +
Volutaria muricata +
ascending  +, reflexed  +, spreading  +