Salix interior

Rowlee

Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 253. 1900.

Common names: Sandbar willow
WeedyIllustrated
Basionym: Salix rubra Richardson in J. Franklin, Narr. Journey Polar Sea, 752. 1823,
Synonyms: Salix exigua var. exterior (Fernald) C. F. Reed Salix exigua subsp. interior (Rowlee) Cronquist Salix exigua var. pedicellata (Andersson) Cronquist Salix exigua var. sericans (Nees) Dorn Salix fluviatilis var. sericans (Nees) B. Boivin Salix interior var. exterior Fernald Salix interior var. pedicellata (Andersson) C. R. Ball Salix interior var. wheeleri Rowlee Salix linearifolia Salix longifolia var. interior (Rowlee) M. E. Jones Salix longifolia var. pedicellata Andersson Salix longifolia var. sericans Nees Salix longifolia var. wheeleri (Rowlee) C. K. Schneider Salix wheeleri
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 56. Mentioned on page 24, 37, 47, 51, 52, 53, 57, 58, 121, 127, 135.

Shrubs or trees, 4–9 m. Stems: branches gray-brown to redbrown, glabrous or villous; branchlets yellow-brown to redbrown, densely tomentose or villous to glabrescent. Leaves: stipules absent or rudimentary on early ones, rudimentary or foliaceous on late ones; petiole 1–5 (–9) mm, glabrous or sparsely villous adaxially; largest medial blade linear to lorate, 60–160 × 4–11 mm, (6.5–) 11–19 (–31) times as long as wide, base cuneate, margins flat, remotely spinulose-serrulate (teeth 2–5 per cm), apex acute or subacuminate, abaxial surface thinly glaucous, densely villous or long-silky to glabrescent, adaxial slightly glossy, pilose or densely villous to glabrescent; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, moderately densely to sparsely long-silky abaxially. Catkins (flowering throughout season); staminate 20–61 × 4–10 mm, flowering branchlet 3–20 mm; pistillate loosely flowered, slender or stout, 20–67 × 5–9 mm, flowering branchlet 3–19 mm; floral bract (sometimes greenish), 1.5–3.5 mm, apex acute, acuminate, or rounded, entire, erose, or toothed, abaxially hairy either proximally or distally, hairs wavy. Staminate flowers: abaxial nectary 0.5–1.1 mm, adaxial nectary ovate, narrowly oblong, or flask-shaped, 0.6–1.4 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments hairy; anthers 0.4–0.9 mm. Pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, 0.4–1.1 mm, shorter to longer than stipe; stipe 0.4–0.8 mm; ovary obclavate to pyriform, glabrous, glabrescent, or long-silky, beak abruptly tapering to styles; ovules 16–36 per ovary; styles 0–0.2 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with pointed tip, or broadly cylindrical, 0.3–0.7 mm. Capsules (4–) 5–8 (–10) mm. 2n = 38.


Phenology: Flowering early Apr-early Jul.
Habitat: Sandy to silty flood plains, margins of lakes, ponds, and prairie sloughs, dry prairie sand hills, marshes, disturbed areas
Elevation: 10-1800 m

Distribution

V7 49-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.W.T., Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ark., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico (Tamaulipas), Mexico (Veracruz)

Discussion

Sometimes Salix interior is treated as a subspecies of S. exigua (R. D. Dorn 1998). Salix exigua and S. interior hybridize and apparently intergrade in the western Great Plains; because the area of overlap is relatively small and distinctiveness of the two taxa is not compromised by hybridization and introgression, it is best to treat them as separate species.

Leaves on sylleptic shoots are usually very densely silky. Salix interior sometimes has shoots that arise from buds on either side of the normal axillary bud. They do not seem to be directly related to the stipules because they are enclosed by the petiole. Catkins with both staminate and pistillate flowers are rare in S. interior, but a Quebec specimen had some catkins predominantly pistillate and others staminate; most were a mixture. The flowers were not teratological, but a mature capsule contained aborted ovules.

Hybrids:

Salix interior forms natural hybrids with S. exigua var. exigua. Controlled pollinations using S. interior (as S. exigua) from southern Ontario (A. Mosseler 1990) successfully produced F1 hybrids with S. bebbiana, S. discolor, S. eriocephala, and S. petiolaris. Seed production was usually relatively low, except in crosses with S. discolor. In general, F1 viability was relatively low in crosses with these members of subg. Vetrix. No seeds were produced in crosses with members of subgenera Protitea or Salix. Morphology of the hybrids usually was intermediate between the two parents, but when S. petiolaris was used as the maternal parent, the F1s more closely resembled that species. J. Salick and E. Pfeffer (1999) extended these findings to show that, although crosses between S. interior (as S. exigua) and S. eriocephala are partially sterile, their clonal growth parameters (sprouting, shoot length, and biomass production) are strong and thus permit these partially sterile hybrids to exist as successful individuals and perhaps to “... make a contribution to interspecific gene flow over time.” Of particular taxonomic interest is that, in this cross, the staminate parent has a significant influence on leaf shape, whereas in the cross S. eriocephala × S. petiolaris it is the pistillate parent that is significant for leaf shape. Relatively few hybrids resembling those produced by Mosseler have been recognized in nature, but it is possible that the unusually broadly leaved plants named S. interior var. exterior and var. wheeleri, from northern Maine, Nebraska, New York, and West Virginia, and probably elsewhere, may be hybrids. Phenological isolation may be strong enough to prevent crosses in nature (A. Mosseler and C. S. Papadopol 1989) with the earlier flowering S. eriocephala and S. petiolaris, a barrier that even an occasional period of overlap cannot breach.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Salix interior"
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br />) +
long-silky +  and glabrescent +
oblong +, flask--shaped +  and ovate +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br />) +
densely villous;glabrescent +
reddish turning yellow +  and yellow +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
toothed +, rounded +, acuminate +, acute +  and subacuminate +
George W. Argus +
Rowlee +
cuneate +
Salix rubra +
tapering +
yellowish green +  and reddish +
toothed +  and 2-fid +
deciduous +
gray-brown +  and redbrown +
villous +  and glabrous +
flowered +  and pistillate +
villous +  and glabrescent +
stout +  and slender +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1.9 cm19 mm <br />0.019 m <br />) +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
pendulous +, spreading +  and erect +
Sandbar willow +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.W.T. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Ark. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Pa. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Mexico (Tamaulipas) +  and Mexico (Veracruz) +
10-1800 m +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
pistillate +  and staminate +
bisexual +  and unisexual +
Sandy to silty flood plains, margins of lakes, ponds, and prairie sloughs, dry prairie sand hills, marshes, disturbed areas +
unbranched +  and spicate +
subterminal +  and axillary +
membranaceous +
hypostomatous +  and amphistomatous +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (16 cm160 mm <br />0.16 m <br />) +
linear +  and lorate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br />) +
arranged +  and alternate +
marcescent +
deciduous +
spinulose-serrulate +
2-7[-10]-carpellate +
long-silky +, glabrescent +  and glabrous +
obclavate +  and pyriform +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
glandular-dotted +
villous +  and glabrous +
flat;convex +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Flowering early Apr-early Jul. +
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club +
overlapping +
distinct +
Weedy +  and Illustrated +
branched +, sympodial +, monopodial +  and branching +
glabrescent;pubescent +
non-papillate +
cylindrical +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
caducous +  and persistent +
distinct +  and connate +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br />) +
persistent +  and deciduous +
Salix exigua var. exterior +, Salix exigua subsp. interior +, Salix exigua var. pedicellata +, Salix exigua var. sericans +, Salix fluviatilis var. sericans +, Salix interior var. exterior +, Salix interior var. pedicellata +, Salix interior var. wheeleri +, Salix linearifolia +, Salix longifolia var. interior +, Salix longifolia var. pedicellata +, Salix longifolia var. sericans +, Salix longifolia var. wheeleri +  and Salix wheeleri +
Salix interior +
Salix subg. Longifoliae +
species +
pointed +
sympodial +, branching +  and heterophyllous +
tree +  and shrub +