Salix lucida

Muhlenberg

Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 239, plate 6, fig. 7. 1803.

Common names: Shining willow
IllustratedEndemic
Synonyms: Pleiarina lucida (Muhlenberg) N. Chao & G. T. Gong Salix lucida var. angustifolia (Andersson) Andersson Salix lucida var. intonsa Fernald
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 36, 37, 39, 42, 43, 47, 48, 49.

Shrubs or trees, 4–6 m. Stems: branches flexible to highly brittle at base, yellowbrown, gray-brown, or redbrown, slightly to highly glossy, glabrous or villous to glabrescent; branchlets yellowbrown, gray-brown, or redbrown, glabrous, pilose, densely villous, or velvety, hairs spreading, straight, wavy, or crinkled. Leaves: stipules foliaceous, apex convex to rounded; petiole shallowly to deeply grooved adaxially, 5–13 mm, with clusters of spherical or foliaceous glands distally, glabrous, pilose, or densely villous adaxially; largest medial blade usually hypostomatous or hemiamphistomatous, rarely amphistomatous, lorate, very narrowly elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or lanceolate, (24–) 55–133 × 11–43 mm, 2.5–6.2 times as long as wide, base convex or cuneate, margins flat, serrulate, apex acuminate to caudate, abaxial surface usually not glaucous (rarely so), glabrous, pilose, or moderately densely villous or long-silky, hairs appressed or spreading, white and/or ferruginous, straight or wavy, (coarse, caducous), adaxial (secondary-veins flat or protruding), slightly or highly glossy, glabrous, pilose, or long-silky, hairs white and/or ferruginous; proximal blade margins entire and glandular-dotted, or serrulate or crenulate; juvenile blade reddish or yellowish green, glabrous or densely villous or long-silky abaxially, hairs white and ferruginous. Catkins: staminate 19–69 × 4–14 mm, flowering branchlet 5–23 mm; pistillate (fruiting in summer), moderately densely to loosely flowered, slender to stout, 23–56 (–70 in fruit) × 8–12 mm, flowering branchlet 8–25 mm; floral bract 1.5–3 mm, apex convex or rounded, entire or toothed, abaxially sparsely hairy throughout or proximally, hairs wavy. Staminate flowers: abaxial nectary 0.5–1.1 mm, adaxial nectary square or ovate, 0.3–0.9 mm, nectaries connate and cupshaped; stamens 3–6; filaments distinct, hairy on proximal 1/2 or basally; anthers ellipsoid, shortly cylindrical, obovoid, or globose, 0.6–0.8 mm. Pistillate flowers: adaxial nectary square or ovate, (swollen), 0.2–0.5 mm, shorter than stipe; stipe 0.5–2 mm; ovary pyriform, beak slightly bulged below or gradually tapering to styles; ovules 18–24 per ovary; styles connate or distinct 1/2 their lengths, 0.5–0.8 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with rounded tip, broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes, 0.24–0.31–0.42 mm. Capsules 5–7 mm. 2n = 76.


Phenology: Flowering early May-mid Jul.
Habitat: Sandy or gravelly floodplains, lake margins, sedge meadows, vernal pools, alvars, open fens, marl bogs, treed bogs
Elevation: 0-600 m

Distribution

V7 36-distribution-map.gif

St. Pierre and Miquelon, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Conn., Del., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

The Virginia plants of Salix lucida are introduced (G. W. Argus 1986).

The Salix lucida complex is a group of three weakly delimited taxa, S. lasiandra var. caudata, S. lasiandra var. lasiandra, and S. lucida. The morphological characters used to separate them (leaves amphistomatous or hypostomatous and blades glaucous abaxially or not) are usually geographically correlated, but there are exceptions. G. W. Argus (1986b) proposed, based on principal components analysis of morphological data, to treat them as a single species consisting of three subspecies. The geographic overlap of the northeastern S. lucida and the western S. lasiandra is a relatively small area in central Saskatchewan. Evidence of intergradation was based on cultivation of a plant that, in the wild, had leaves that were not glaucous abaxially but were glaucous in cultivation. It seems best to treat them as two species, S. lucida and S. lasiandra, the latter with two varieties, var. lasiandra and var. caudata.

Hybrids:

Salix lucida forms natural hybrids with S. alba and S. nigra. Hybrids with S. serissima have been reported (M. L. Fernald 1950) but no convincing specimens have been seen. Attempts to hybridize S. lucida with members of subg. Protitea (S. amygdaloides), subg. Longifoliae (S. interior), and subg. Vetrix (S. discolor, S. eriocephala, and S. petiolaris) were unsuccessful (A. Mosseler 1990).

Salix lucida × S. nigra (S. ×schneideri B. Boivin) seems to be a rare intersubgeneric hybrid between tetraploid S. lucida and diploid S. nigra. It is known only from the type specimen, an infertile plant, growing with both parents. It resembles S. lucida in bud-scale margins connate, in petiolar glands stalked or foliaceous, and in leaf shape, and S. nigra in stipules rudimentary on proximal leaves and sometimes even on early leaves, stipule apex acute, pistillate catkins relatively long and slender, and styles relatively short.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"-0.42mm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Salix lucida"
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.11 cm1.1 mm <br />0.0011 m <br />) +
long-silky +, villous +, pilose +, glabrous +  and glaucous +
ovate +  and square +
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
long-silky;pilose;long-silky;pilose;glabrous +
reddish turning yellow +  and yellow +
globose +, obovoid +, cylindrical +  and ellipsoid +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
toothed +, entire +, rounded +, convex +, acuminate +  and caudate +
George W. Argus +
Muhlenberg +
cuneate +  and convex +
tapering +
yellowish green +  and reddish +
ferruginous +  and white +
glandular-dotted +
crenulate +  and serrulate +
long-silky +, villous +  and glabrous +
toothed +  and 2-fid +
persistent +  and deciduous +
redbrown +, gray-brown +  and yellowbrown +
flexible +  and highly brittle +
villous +  and glabrescent +
flowered +  and sessile +
velvety +, villous +, pilose +  and glabrous +
subglobose +
slender +  and stout +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
flowered +, pistillate +  and staminate +
2.3 cm23 mm <br />0.023 m <br /> (5.6 cm56 mm <br />0.056 m <br />) +
pendulous +, spreading +  and erect +
slender +  and stout +
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Shining willow +
St. Pierre and Miquelon +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Conn. +, Del. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.Dak. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0-600 m +
greenish +  and tawny +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
pistillate +  and staminate +
bisexual +  and unisexual +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
spherical +
Sandy or gravelly floodplains, lake margins, sedge meadows, vernal pools, alvars, open fens, marl bogs, treed bogs +
white and ferruginous +, ferruginous +  and white +
straight +
spreading +  and appressed +
wavy +  and crinkled +
unbranched +  and spicate +
subterminal +  and axillary +
membranaceous +
amphistomatous +, hemiamphistomatous +  and hypostomatous +
2.4 cm24 mm <br />0.024 m <br /> (5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br />) +
5.5 cm55 mm <br />0.055 m <br /> (13.3 cm133 mm <br />0.133 m <br />) +
lanceolate +, elliptic +  and lorate +
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (4.3 cm43 mm <br />0.043 m <br />) +
arranged +  and alternate +
marcescent +
deciduous +
cup-shaped +
rudimentary +
2-7[-10]-carpellate +
pyriform +
glandular-dotted +
villous +, pilose +  and glabrous +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
Flowering early May-mid Jul. +
Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften +
overlapping +
distinct +
Illustrated +  and Endemic +
branched +, sympodial +, monopodial +  and branching +
glabrescent;pubescent +
non-papillate +
cylindrical +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
caducous +  and persistent +
distinct +  and connate +
tapering +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
persistent +  and deciduous +
ferruginous +  and white +
Pleiarina lucida +, Salix lucida var. angustifolia +  and Salix lucida var. intonsa +
Salix lucida +
Salix sect. Salicaster +
species +
rounded +
sympodial +, branching +  and heterophyllous +
tree +  and shrub +