Selaginella acanthonota

L. Underwood

Torreya 2: 172. 1902.

Common names: Spiny spike-moss sandy spike-moss
Endemic
Synonyms: Selaginella arenicola subsp. acanthonota (L. Underwood) R. M. Tryon Selaginella floridana Maxon Selaginella funiformis Van Eseltine Selaginella humifusa Van Eseltine Selaginella rupestris var. acanthonota (L. Underwood) Clute
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.

Plants terrestrial, less often on rock, forming close clumps. Stems radially symmetric, underground (rhizomatous) and aerial, not readily fragmenting, irregularly forked; rhizomatous and aerial stems often with 1 branch arrested, budlike, tips straight; rhizomatous stems with budlike branches, these sometimes inconspicuous; aerial stems erect or ascending, lateral branches conspicuously determinate. Rhizophores borne on upperside of stems, restricted to rhizomatous stems or lowermost base of aerial stems (seldom on distal 2/3, if so, short), mostly aerial, 0.25–0.43 mm diam. Leaves monomorphic, in pseudowhorls of 4 or 5, tightly appressed, ascending, green, narrowly triangular-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 2–3.25 × 0.4–0.6 (–0.7) mm; abaxial ridges present; base rounded to cuneate, slightly decurrent to adnate, pubescent; margins ciliate, cilia transparent, spreading at base, dentiform, ascending toward apex, 0.02–0.1 mm; apex plane, attenuate or seldom slightly keeled; bristle white or whitish to transparent, sometimes with brownish to reddish band at base marking breaking point (in old leaves), straight, puberulent, (0.35–) 0.5–1.4 mm. Strobili solitary, (0.5–) 1–3 (–3.5) cm; sporophylls ovatelanceolate to lanceolate, abaxial ridges not prominent, base pubescent, margins ciliate, apex bristled.


Habitat: Pine barrens, sand pine-oak scrubs, dry sandy hill or dunes, open white sandy soil, white sand, or sandstone rock
Elevation: 0 m

Discussion

Selaginella acanthonota is a member of the S. arenicola complex, a taxonomically difficult group. Specimens of S. acanthonota from the northern part of its range (e.g., North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia) tend to have rather prostrate underground (rhizomatous) stems, with ascending to erect, short aerial stems. Those from Florida have rather ascending underground (rhizomatous) stems and more slender aerial stems. Selaginella acanthonota, in addition to features given in the description, is characterized by having hairs running lengthwise along or at least to the proximal half of the ridges bordering the abaxial groove of the leaves and sporophylls, and, usually, puberulent leaves and sporophyll apices. The hairs on the ridges sometimes break off easily or are somewhat enclosed within the abaxial groove (when the ridges close as a response to dryness), but they can be seen under a microscope. More systematic studies are needed within S. acanthonota and the entire S. arenicola complex.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Selaginella acanthonota"
bristled +, keeled +, attenuate +  and plane +
Iván A. Valdespino +
L. Underwood +
brownish;reddish +
decurrent +, rounded +  and cuneate +
0.035 cm0.35 mm <br />3.5e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
whitish;transparent +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br />) +
transparent +
dentiform +
0.002 cm0.02 mm <br />2.0e-5 m <br /> (0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br />) +
Spiny spike-moss +  and sandy spike-moss +
Fla. +, Ga. +, N.C. +  and S.C. +
Pine barrens, sand pine-oak scrubs, dry sandy hill or dunes, open white sandy soil, white sand, or sandstone rock +
monomorphic +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.325 cm3.25 mm <br />0.00325 m <br />) +
fertile +  and vegetative +
lanceolate;triangular-lanceolate +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
ciliate +  and serrate +
globose +, ovoid +  and tetrahedral +
tetrahedral +
alternating +
0.025 cm0.25 mm <br />2.5e-4 m <br /> (0.043 cm0.43 mm <br />4.3e-4 m <br />) +
adjacently +  and monomorphic +
fertile +  and vegetative +
rhizomatous +
budlike +  and symmetric +
dimorphic +, climbing +  and cespitose +
decumbent;creeping;prostrate +
aerial +  and underground +
ascending;erect +
inconspicuous +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
quadrangular +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Selaginella arenicola subsp. acanthonota +, Selaginella floridana +, Selaginella funiformis +, Selaginella humifusa +  and Selaginella rupestris var. acanthonota +
Selaginella acanthonota +
Selaginella subg. Tetragonostachys +
species +
straight +
branched +  and not articulate +
erect +  and creeping +
branched +  and not articulate +
erect +  and creeping +
differentiated +
perennial +  and annual +
epiphytic +  and hemiepiphytic +
12 +, 11 +, 10 +, 9 +, 8 +  and 7 +