Basionym: Undefined subg. Eucycla Nuttall Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 16. 1848 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 224. Mentioned
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throughout. Pedicels absent or present; bracteoles absent. Flowers: sepals 4, calyx entirely green or more often conspicuously colored distally, usually
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leaf-bases). Trichomes of leaves 2-rayed. Stems erect, unbranched, (0.1–) 0.4–4dm. Basal leaves: blade linear to narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 3–5 cm × 1–2
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epicalyx bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4 or) 5 (–10), spreading
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glabrous or pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/4–1/3 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, occasionally
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Orach saltbush Etymology: ancient Latin name Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on page 226, 260, 268, 293. Herbs or shrubs, annual or perennial
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tenuinucellate. Fruits usually capsular, usually 2-valved ((3 or) 4 (–6) in Rorippa barbareifolia, (2 or) 4 in Tropidocarpum capparideum), termed siliques if length
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1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8 (–10) per side
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dioecious, sometimes andropolygamous), blooming before or at leaf emergence, 4–40 mm diam.; hypanthium 1.5–8 mm, exterior glabrous or hairy; sepals 5, erect
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(bracteoles absent, present in sect. Oxycoccos). Flowers: sepals 4–5, connate basally; petals 4–5 (–6), connate nearly their entire lengths, sometimes distinct
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591, 594, 611, 618, 644. Shrubs or trees, usually main trunk dominant, 3–120 dm. Stems usually 1 in larger plants, more in smaller plants, outer spreading;
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Flowers 4–15 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets (0–) 5; hypanthium patelliform to campanulate or cupulate to turbinate, 0.5–3 (–4) mm; sepals 5 (usually 4 in I
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1.6–5.3 cm; limb lobes 6–20 mm; Arizona, New Mexico. > 4 4 Flowers 1.6–2.8 cm; perianth tube 3–4.5 mm, limb lobes 6.5–10 mm; marginal leaf fibers conspicuous
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branches, (0.1–) 0.5–3 (–4) dm, without a whorl of bracts at midlength. Leaves in loose to compact basal rosettes; petiole 0.1–3 (–4) cm, mostly tomentose
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inflexed in bud, distinct; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals [3–] (4–) 5 (–9) [–10] or 0, imbricate or valvate, distinct (connate for 1/2+ length
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unit through abscission of thin-walled cells at base. Seeds many, elliptic, 2–4 mm, bearing white or yellowish, large, oily, myrmecochorous elaiosome (aril)
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(2–)4–30 dm > 23 22 Leaf blades usually deeply lobed or pedately divided, sometimes highly dissected; stems 1–10 dm > 26 23 Stems (2–)4–7(–10) dm, usually
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ridged, sometimes centrally thickened, veins obscure to prominent; cauline 0–4 on branched stems, usually similar to basal, subtending each branch, decreasing
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the inflorescence branches, turbinate to campanulate or hemispheric; teeth 4–5 (–8), erect to spreading, very rarely lobelike and reflexed. Flowers not
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perianth hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–6, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or [4–] 5 [–6], distinct; nectary present or absent;
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proximally Group 3 3 Stems pubescent proximally > 4 4 Fruits reflexed, pendent, or descending Group 4 4 Fruits erect, ascending, or horizontal Group 5
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present, usually straight in fruit, sometimes reflexed or recurved. Flowers 4–17 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium ± cupulate with flattened bases
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discoid; ovules 2 [–4]. Fruits aggregated follicles, 4 or 5, cymbiform, ellipsoid, falcate, fusiform, or oblanceoloid, (0.5–) 1.5–4 mm, coriaceous, glabrous
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gloriosa 4 Tepals connate basally for 1 mm or more; pistil 2.8–8 cm. > 5 4 Tepals distinct, or connate basally for less than 1 mm; pistil 1.5–4 cm. > 6
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persistent, (2–) 4–5; petals deciduous, (3–) 4–5; stamens usually persistent, sometimes deciduous, 30–650, in continuous ring or in 4–5 barely discernable
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(apex obtuse, rounded, emarginate, or subemarginate); stamens (6, rarely 4), equal in length; filaments not dilated basally; anthers ovate, oblong, or
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to ellipsoid, (usually ca. 1 mm), reticulate or reticulate-papillose. 2n = 4–ca. 640. North America, Mexico, Central America, Europe, Asia, n, e Africa
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prickles infrastipular, single or paired (rarely to 3 in R. californica, to 4 in R. gymnocarpa), erect, curved, hooked, declined, introrse, appressed, thin
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terminal usually on lateral branches, sometimes on primary-stems and shoots, (1–) 4–30 (–50) -flowered, usually panicles, sometimes corymbs, glabrous; bracts absent
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Buchenau Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine zu Bremen 4: 406. 1875. Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants* Synonyms: Juncus sect. Septati (Buchenau)
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number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property. "dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is
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occasionally fistulose, 0.3–4 (–10) dm, glabrous or lanate to tomentose or floccose. Leaves basal or sheathing up stem 0.5–4 dm; petiole 1–10 cm, glabrous
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styles persistent, elongate. North America, Mexico, Eurasia Genera 4, species 34 (4 genera, 17 species in the flora). Members of Dryadeae are nitrogen
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narrowly obovate, sometimes obtrullate, ovate, or suborbiculate, (0.6–) 1–4 (–5) cm, thin to coriaceous, firm to floppy, base narrowly cuneate to rounded
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stramineous. Leaves marcescent or winter-persistent, primarily basal, cauline 0–4, gradually or abruptly reduced distally, alternate, odd-pinnate; stipules persistent
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differentiated from blade, (apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate); stamens 2 or 4 and equal in length, lateral or median, or 6 and tetradynamous; filaments not
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ovaries than the species classified in Traub’s Caroliniana Alliance, having 4–8 ovules per locule, as well as coriaceous, suberect to erect, liguliform leaves
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5–) 2–3.5 (–4) × 1.3–2.5 (–3) mm, tomentose, floccose, subglabrous, or glabrous; teeth 5, erect, (0.3–) 0.5–1 (–1.7) mm. Flowers 1.5–3 (–4) mm; perianth
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on page 386, 387, 398, 402, 404, 406. Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, 0.4–8 dm. Stems not dimorphic, hairy, usually some hairs (chasmogamous), 1–20 per
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foot, in reference to the shape of the leaf Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on page 261, 265, 267, 268. Herbs, annual or perennial [rarely suffruticose
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lax, spreading, creeping, trailing, floating, or submerged, young ones often 4-angled. Leaves deciduous, usually opposite, sometimes alternate, subalternate
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distal 1/4 (–3/4) of leaf axis, overlapping or not, narrowly oblanceolate, elliptic, or cuneate to obovate, margins flat to ± revolute, distal 1/4 to nearly
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leaflets (1–) 3–16 (–20) per side, separate to overlapping, divided ± 1/6–3/4+ to midrib into 3–30 (–60) teeth or lobes not restricted to apex. Inflorescences
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± coriaceous to ± thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 per side, obscure to evident and sinuses shallow to deep, veins (3 or) 4–9 (–12) per side, absent to sinuses. Inflorescences:
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toothed 1/4–3/4 or lobed to base, rarely entire, sparsely to densely hairy; terminal leaflets distinct or indistinct. Cauline leaves (0–) 1–2 (–4), not paired;
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glabrescent, sometimes persistently scabrous or glabrate. Inflorescences (1–) 4–15 (–20) -flowered, convex panicles; branches densely pubescent, sometimes
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flowers solitary. Flowers: sepals (4–) 5, sometimes vestigial, connate basally, deltate (straight or inflexed in fruit); petals 4–5, connate for nearly their
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(glabrous); anthers ovate or oblong, (not apiculate); nectar glands (1, 2, or 4), distinct or confluent, subtending bases of stamens, median glands present
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reduced to a rim (often with apical midvein extending to center); ovules (2–) 4–32 (–40 [–80]) per ovary; style distinct; stigma entire. Seeds biseriate, often
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triangular, 0.8–4 mm. Peduncles absent. Involucres 1 per node or (2–) 3–15 per cluster, turbinate to turbinate-campanulate, (2–) 3.5–5 (–8) × 2–4 mm, tomentose
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