View source for Vaccinium ← Vaccinium You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reason: The action you have requested is limited to users in the group: Users. You can view and copy the source of this page. {{Treatment/ID |accepted_name=Vaccinium |accepted_authority=Linnaeus |publications={{Treatment/Publication |title=Sp. Pl. |place=1: 349. 1753 |year=1753 }}, {{Treatment/Publication |title=Gen. Pl. ed. |place=5, 166. 1754 , }} |basionyms= |synonyms= |hierarchy=Ericaceae;Ericaceae subfam. Vaccinioideae;Vaccinium |hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ericaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Ericaceae subfam. Vaccinioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Vaccinium]]</div></div> |etymology=Latin name for blueberry |volume=Volume 8 |mention_page=page 371, 372, 374, 496, 497 |treatment_page=page 515 }}<!-- --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form;whole_organism growth form"><b>Subshrubs,</b> shrubs, vines, or trees.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>erect, spreading, or creeping, glabrous or hairy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf duration;leaf duration"><b>Leaves </b>persistent or deciduous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole presence;petiole presence">petiole absent or present;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade texture;margin architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape or vernation">blade elliptic or ovate to oblong-lanceolate or spatulate, membranous to coriaceous, margins entire or serrate, plane or, sometimes, revolute, surfaces glabrous or hairy;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface architecture">venation brochidodromous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;raceme architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>axillary or terminal, racemes, usually 2–10-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, (leafy);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="flower architecture or arrangement or growth form">(bracteoles absent, present in sect. Oxycoccos).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal fusion"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals 4–5, connate basally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="petal atypical quantity;petal quantity;petal fusion;petal lengths;petal fusion;petal fusion;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;corolla shape;corolla shape;corolla shape;corolla shape;corolla shape;corolla shape;lobe size or length">petals 4–5 (–6), connate nearly their entire lengths, sometimes distinct or nearly so, white or cream to pink, bronze, or green, rarely red, corolla globose, cylindric, urceolate, or campanulate, lobes shorter to longer than tube;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="filament course;filament prominence or shape;filament pubescence;filament pubescence">filaments straight, flat, glabrous or hairy, without spurs;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position">stamens 8–10, included (sometimes exserted);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="anther dehiscence">anthers with or without awns, dehiscent by pores (pores laciniate in sect. Polycodium);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil architecture">pistil 4–5-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form;ovary architecture or structure in adjective form">ovary inferior, 4–5-locular or pseudo 10-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="stigma architecture or shape">stigma capitate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit texture"><b>Fruits </b>baccate, ovoid to globose, fleshy.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="seed quantity;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>2–40, ellipsoid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="">testa reticulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="testa architecture or coloration or relief;x chromosome quantity">x = 12.</span><!-- -->{{Treatment/Body |distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n South America;Europe;Asia (including Malesia) |discussion=<p>Species ca. 500 (25 in the flora).</p><!-- --><p>The North American species of Vaccinium are distributed among ten sections. Some of these (e.g., Oxycoccus, Polycodium) have been treated as genera by recent authors, although only Oxycoccus has been recognized at genus rank widely among North American authors. Molecular data support the idea that Vaccinium is a natural genus, albeit large and diverse, provided that Oxycoccus is included.</p><!-- --><p>In eastern North America, the name huckleberry is applied to species of Gaylussacia, while in western North America some species of Vaccinium are called huckleberries. Most, if not all, species of Vaccinium are edible, finding wide acceptance as fresh fruits, and for pies, preserves, etc. Some have medicinal value, especially V. macrocarpon for urinary problems. Further uses and references are noted with the individual species.</p> |tables= |references= }}<!-- --><div class="treatment-key"> ==Key== <div class="treatment-key-group"> {| class="wikitable fna-keytable" |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Inflorescences in axils of leaves or bracts of shoots of current season (or older shoots) |[[#key-0-2| > 2]] |-id=key-0-1 |1 |Inflorescences on previous year’s shoots or on older woody stems (sometimes on new growth as well) |[[#key-0-10| > 10]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Berries 4-locular; corollas deeply 4-lobed |[[#key-0-3| > 3]] |-id=key-0-2 |2 |Berries 5-locular; corollas globose to urceolate, shallowly or scarcely lobed [45c. sect. Myrtillus] |[[#key-0-4| > 4]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Plants erect shrubs [45a. sect. Oxycoccoides]. |[[Vaccinium erythrocarpum|Vaccinium erythrocarpum]] |-id=key-0-3 |3 |Plants usually trailing vines, ascending [45c. sect. Oxycoccus (in part)]. |[[Vaccinium macrocarpon|Vaccinium macrocarpon]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Berries red or bluish purple and translucent; twigs angled, green |[[#key-0-5| > 5]] |-id=key-0-4 |4 |Berries deep purple, purplish black, black, or blue (rarely bluish black, maroon, reddish, or red); twigs usually ± terete, sometimes angled, yellow-green, green, reddish green, reddish brown, or golden brown |[[#key-0-6| > 6]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Shrubs colonial, 0.7-2 dm; berries 4-6 mm diam. |[[Vaccinium scoparium|Vaccinium scoparium]] |-id=key-0-5 |5 |Shrubs crown-forming, 10-70 dm; berries 7-10 mm diam. |[[Vaccinium parvifolium|Vaccinium parvifolium]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Leaf blades with margins sharply serrate, surfaces glandular abaxially |[[#key-0-7| > 7]] |-id=key-0-6 |6 |Leaf blades with portions of margins ± entire, surfaces sometimes eglandular abaxially or, rarely, glandular throughout |[[#key-0-8| > 8]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Twigs green, angled. |[[Vaccinium myrtillus|Vaccinium myrtillus]] |-id=key-0-7 |7 |Twigs yellow-green or reddish green, terete to slightly angled. |[[Vaccinium membranaceum|Vaccinium membranaceum]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Shrubs 3-40 dm, clumped. |[[Vaccinium ovalifolium|Vaccinium ovalifolium]] |-id=key-0-8 |8 |Shrubs 0.3-15 dm, forming small clumps to extensive colonies |[[#key-0-9| > 9]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Twigs green (sometimes glaucous), usually glabrous, rarely hairy. |[[Vaccinium deliciosum|Vaccinium deliciosum]] |-id=key-0-9 |9 |Twigs yellow-green, reddish green, or reddish brown, finely puberulent or, rarely, glabrous. |[[Vaccinium cespitosum|Vaccinium cespitosum]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Twigs not verrucose |[[#key-0-11| > 11]] |-id=key-0-10 |10 |Twigs verrucose [45i. sect. Cyanococcus] |[[#key-0-17| > 17]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Leaves usually deciduous |[[#key-0-12| > 12]] |-id=key-0-11 |11 |Leaves persistent |[[#key-0-14| > 14]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Racemes 2-4-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, ebracteate; corollas urceolate; berries blue [45b. sect. Vaccinium]. |[[Vaccinium uliginosum|Vaccinium uliginosum]] |-id=key-0-12 |12 |Racemes 5-17-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, bracteate; corollas campanulate to urceolate; berries green, yellow-green, yellow, purple, or black |[[#key-0-13| > 13]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Corollas campanulate; pedicels continuous with calyx tubes [45e. sect. Polycodium]. |[[Vaccinium stamineum|Vaccinium stamineum]] |-id=key-0-13 |13 |Corollas campanulate to urceolate; pedicels articulated with calyx tubes [45g. sect. Batodendron]. |[[Vaccinium arboreum|Vaccinium arboreum]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Plants usually trailing, sometimes ascending vines |[[#key-0-15| > 15]] |-id=key-0-14 |14 |Plants subshrubs or shrubs |[[#key-0-16| > 16]] |-id=key-0-15 |15 |Berries deep red, 4-locular; pedicels 2-3 cm [45c. sect. Oxycoccus (in part)]. |[[Vaccinium oxycoccos|Vaccinium oxycoccos]] |-id=key-0-15 |15 |Berries black, 5-locular; pedicels 0.1-0.3 cm [45h. sect. Herpothamnus]. |[[Vaccinium crassifolium|Vaccinium crassifolium]] |-id=key-0-16 |16 |Plants rhizomatous, 0.1-3.5 dm; berries red, 4-locular [45d. sect. Vitis-idaea]. |[[Vaccinium vitis-idaea|Vaccinium vitis-idaea]] |-id=key-0-16 |16 |Plants clump- or crown-forming, (3-)4-12(-40) dm; berries black or blue, 5-locular [45j. sect. Pyxothamnus]. |[[Vaccinium ovatum|Vaccinium ovatum]] |-id=key-0-17 |17 |Shrubs 10-50 dm; leaf blades 15-70 mm. |[[Vaccinium corymbosum|Vaccinium corymbosum]] |-id=key-0-17 |17 |Shrubs 0.1-15 dm; leaf blades 5-62 mm |[[#key-0-18| > 18]] |-id=key-0-18 |18 |Leaves persistent for 1+ years |[[#key-0-19| > 19]] |-id=key-0-18 |18 |Leaves usually deciduous, rarely persistent |[[#key-0-20| > 20]] |-id=key-0-19 |19 |Leaf blades glandular abaxially; twigs bright green; berries black. |[[Vaccinium myrsinites|Vaccinium myrsinites]] |-id=key-0-19 |19 |Leaf blades glabrous abaxially; twigs pale green (glaucous); berries blue. |[[Vaccinium darrowii|Vaccinium darrowii]] |-id=key-0-20 |20 |Leaf blades glandular abaxially. |[[Vaccinium tenellum|Vaccinium tenellum]] |-id=key-0-20 |20 |Leaf blades eglandular abaxially |[[#key-0-21| > 21]] |-id=key-0-21 |21 |Leaf blade margins sharply and uniformly serrate |[[#key-0-22| > 22]] |-id=key-0-21 |21 |Leaf blade margins entire |[[#key-0-23| > 23]] |-id=key-0-22 |22 |Shrubs 0.1-0.9 dm; leaf blades 2-6 mm wide. |[[Vaccinium boreale|Vaccinium boreale]] |-id=key-0-22 |22 |Shrubs 1-3 dm; leaf blades (5-)6-16(-20) mm wide. |[[Vaccinium angustifolium|Vaccinium angustifolium]] |-id=key-0-23 |23 |Leaf blades pale green or glaucous abaxially, surfaces usually glabrous; twigs hairy in lines or glabrous. |[[Vaccinium pallidum|Vaccinium pallidum]] |-id=key-0-23 |23 |Leaf blades green abaxially, surfaces densely hairy; twigs pilose or hairy |[[#key-0-24| > 24]] |-id=key-0-24 |24 |Corollas and calyces glandular. |[[Vaccinium hirsutum|Vaccinium hirsutum]] |-id=key-0-24 |24 |Corollas and calyces eglandular. |[[Vaccinium myrtilloides|Vaccinium myrtilloides]] |} </div></div><!-- -->{{#Taxon: name=Vaccinium |author=Sam P. Vander Kloet |authority=Linnaeus |rank=genus |parent rank=subfamily |synonyms= |basionyms= |family=Ericaceae |distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n South America;Europe;Asia (including Malesia) |reference=None |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |publication year=1753; |special status= |source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V8/V8_1006.xml |subfamily=Ericaceae subfam. Vaccinioideae |genus=Vaccinium |anther dehiscence=dehiscent |blade shape=ovate;oblong-lanceolate or spatulate |blade texture=membranous;coriaceous |corolla shape=campanulate;urceolate;campanulate;urceolate;cylindric;globose |filament course=straight |filament prominence or shape=flat |filament pubescence=hairy;glabrous |flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary |fruit architecture=baccate |fruit shape=ovoid;globose |fruit texture=fleshy |inflorescence position=terminal;axillary |leaf duration=deciduous;persistent |lobe size or length=shorter to longer |margin architecture or shape=serrate;entire |margin shape=,;plane |margin shape or vernation=revolute |ovary architecture or structure in adjective form=10-locular;pseudo;4-5-locular |ovary position=inferior |petal atypical quantity=5;6 |petal coloration=red;cream;pink bronze or green |petal fusion=nearly;distinct;connate |petal lengths=entire |petal quantity=4;5 |petiole presence=absent;absent |pistil architecture=4-5-carpellate |raceme architecture=2-10-flowered |seed quantity=2;40 |seed shape=ellipsoid |sepal fusion=connate |sepal quantity=4;5 |stamen position=included |stamen quantity=8;10 |stem orientation=creeping;spreading;creeping;spreading;erect |stem pubescence=hairy;glabrous |stigma architecture or shape=capitate |surface architecture=brochidodromous |surface pubescence=hairy;glabrous |testa architecture or coloration or relief=reticulate |whole_organism growth form=tree;vine;shrub;subshrub |x chromosome quantity=12 }}<!-- -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ericaceae subfam. 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