familyEuphorbiaceae
genusAcalypha
speciesAcalypha australis

Acalypha australis

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 1004. 1753.

Geoffrey A. Levin
Common names: Asian copperleaf
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 169. Mentioned on page 163, 164.

Herbs, annual, 3–6 dm, monoecious. Stems erect, densely to sparsely pilose. Leaves: petiole 0.5–4 cm; blade ovate to broadly lanceolate, 2–8 × 1.5–4 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins serrate, apex acute to short-acuminate. Inflorescences bisexual, axillary; peduncle 0.5–4 (–6) cm, pistillate portion 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 cm or pistillate bract solitary, staminate portion 0.5–3 cm; allomorphic pistillate flowers rare, when present replacing staminate part of inflorescence. Pistillate bracts (normal flowers) loosely arranged (inflorescence axis visible between bracts) or solitary, 10–15 (–20) × 8–12 mm, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent; lobes 12–15, rounded, 1/20 bract length; of allomorphic flowers absent. Pedicels of allomorphic flowers rudimentary. Pistillate flowers: pistil 3-carpellate (normal flowers), 2-carpellate (allomorphic flowers); styles multifid or laciniate. Capsules muricate, pubescent; allomorphic fruits obovoid, 2 × 1.2 mm, muricate, pubescent. Seeds 1.5–1.8 mm, minutely pitted.


Phenology: Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall.
Habitat: Disturbed areas.
Elevation: 0–20 m.

Distribution

V12 924-distribution-map.jpg

Introduced; N.J., N.Y., Asia (China), Asia (Japan), Asia (Korea), Asia (Taiwan), Pacific Islands (Philippines)

Discussion

Acalypha australis, native to eastern Asia, became established in metropolitan New York City in the 1980s. It was also collected once in 1900 in Oregon (Suksdorf 2892, GH), and apparently has not persisted there.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"elongated" is not a number."connate" is not a number. "distinct" is not a number.

... more about "Acalypha australis"
RDF feed
Abaxial surface pubescence
pubescent +
Achene reproduction
allomorphic +
Adaxial gland prominence
inconspicuous +
Anther architecture
twisted +
Anther dehiscence
dehiscing +
Apex shape
acute;short-acuminate +
Author
Geoffrey A. Levin +
Authority
Linnaeus +
Base architecture or shape
pinnate +
Base shape
cuneate +  and obtuse +
Blade length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
Blade shape
ovate;broadly lanceolate +
Blade width
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Bract architecture
pistillate +
Bract architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Bract arrangement
solitary +  and arranged +
Bract atypical length
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Bract length
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Bract presence
absent +
Bract width
0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br /> (?) +  and 1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (?) +
Branch shape
thread-like +
Capsule pubescence
pubescent +
Capsule relief
muricate +
Caruncle presence
absent +
Caruncle prominence
rudimentary +
Common name
Asian copperleaf +
Cyme arrangement
fascicles +
Distribution
N.J. +, N.Y. +, Asia (China) +, Asia (Japan) +, Asia (Korea) +, Asia (Taiwan) +  and Pacific Islands (Philippines) +
Elevation
0–20 m. +
Flower architecture
pistillate +
Flower architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Flower presence
absent +
Flower quantity
rare +
Flower reproduction
allomorphic +
Fruit dehiscence
septicidal +
Fruit length
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (?) +
Fruit pubescence
pubescent +
Fruit relief
muricate +
Fruit reproduction
allomorphic +
Fruit shape
obovoid +
Fruit width
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (?) +
Gland presence
absent +
Habitat
Disturbed areas. +
Hair architecture
unbranched +
Hair architecture or function or pubescence
glandular +
Hair presence
absent +
Hypanthium presence
absent +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Barbara Alongi +
Inflorescence position
axillary +
Inflorescence reproduction
bisexual +
Introduced
true +
Laminar gland architecture
palmate +
Laminar gland presence
absent +
Latex presence
absent +
Leaf architecture
simple +
Leaf architecture or arrangement
fascicled +
Leaf arrangement
alternate +
Leaf duration
drought-deciduous +  and persistent +
Lobe quantity
1/20 (12) +
Lobe shape
rounded +
Margin architecture
palmate +  and pinnate +
Margin architecture or shape
serrate +
Margin shape
crenate +  and subentire +
Nectary presence
absent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
(1-)3-5(-20)-locular +
Ovary placentation
axile +
Ovary position
superior +
Ovule orientation
anatropous +
Ovule quantity
1 +
Pedicel presence
absent +
Pedicel prominence
rudimentary +
Pedicel quantity
allomorphic +, pistillate +  and staminate +
Peduncle atypical some measurement
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
Peduncle some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Perianth position
hypogynous +
Petal atypical quantity
5 (6) +
Petal fusion
connate;distinct +
Petal presence
absent +
Petal quantity
5 +
Petiole presence
absent +
Petiole some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
Phenology
Flowering and fruiting late summer–fall. +
Pistil architecture
2-carpellate +  and 3-carpellate +
Pistil quantity
1 +
Pistillode presence
absent +
Portion architecture
staminate +  and pistillate +
Portion length
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Portion some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Portion width
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
Publication title
Sp. Pl. +
Publication year
1753 +
Reference
None +
Schizocarp reproduction
allomorphic +
Seed quantity
1 +
Seed relief
pitted +
Seed shape
ellipsoid +  and subglobose +
Seed some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.18 cm1.8 mm <br />0.0018 m <br />) +
Sepal architecture
not petaloid +
Sepal arrangement or dehiscence
valvate +
Sepal atypical some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Sepal fusion
distinct +
Sepal presence
absent +
Sepal quantity
3;4 +
Sepal some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Slit dehiscence or orientation
longitudinal +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V12/V12 924.xml +
Special status
Introduced +
Stamen atypical quantity
35 (1000) +
Stamen fusion
distinct +
Stamen quantity
4;8 +
Stem orientation
erect +
Stem pubescence
pilose +
Stigma quantity
1;32 +
Stipule duration
deciduous +  and persistent +
Stipule presence
absent +
Style architecture
unbranched +
Style atypical quantity
1 (3) +
Style fusion
connate +  and distinct +
Style quantity
3 +
Style shape
laciniate +  and multifid +
Subtending flower architecture
pistillate +
Subtending flower size
enlarging +
Taxon family
Euphorbiaceae +
Taxon name
Acalypha australis +
Taxon parent
Acalypha +
Taxon rank
species +
Thyrse shape
spikelike +
Volume
Volume 12 +
Whole organism architecture
unarmed +
Whole organism duration
annual +
Whole organism growth form
herb +
Whole organism reproduction
monoecious +
Whole organism some measurement
3dm (6dm) +
X chromosome quantity
10 +