familyAsteraceae
tribeAsteraceae tribe Heliantheae
subtribeAsteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Melampodiinae
genusAcanthospermum
speciesAcanthospermum australe

Acanthospermum australe

(Loefling) Kuntze

Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 303. 1891.

John L. Strother
IntroducedIllustrated
Basionym: Melampodium australe Loefling Iter Hispan., 268. 1758
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 37.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Barbara Alongi

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Plants 10–60 (–120+) cm. Stems ± procumbent. Leaf-blades deltate to ± rhombic or ovate, 13–37 × 7–32 mm, faces sparsely scabrellous to glabrate or glabrescent, glanddotted. Fruits plumply ellipsoid to fusiform, weakly compressed, 7–9+ mm, 5–7-ribbed, lacking terminal spines, prickles ± uncinate, mostly along ribs. 2n = 22.


Phenology: Flowering year round, mostly Jul–Aug.
Habitat: Disturbed, often sandy sites
Elevation: 0–300 m

Distribution

V21-71-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; Ala., Ark., D.C., Fla., Ga., La., Mass., Miss., N.C., Oreg., Pa., S.C., Tex., Va., South America, also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii)

Discussion

Reports of Acanthospermum xanthioides (Kunth) de Candolle from New York are evidently based on specimens of A. australe.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Acanthospermum australe"
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2n chromosome quantity
22 +
Anther base shape
not tailed +, rounded +  and obtuse +
Anther dehiscence
introrse +
Anther fusion
connate +
Anther theca coloration
dark +
Apex fusion
connate +  and distinct +
Apex growth form or texture
herbaceous +
Apex size
subequal +
Apex texture
scarious +
Apical appendage presence
absent +
Apical appendage shape
usually ovate +  and lanceolate +
Appendage pubescence
hirsute +
Appendage relief
papillate +
Appendage shape
usually deltate +  and lanceolate +
Array architecture
corymbiform +  and open +
Array development
indeterminate +  and determinate +
Author
John L. Strother +
Authority
(Loefling) Kuntze +
Band architecture
continuous +
Band quantity
1 +
Base shape
decurrent +
Basionyms
Melampodium australe +
Blade architecture
compound +  and simple +
Blade shape
lyrate;mostly elliptic;deltate rhombic or ovate +
Body architecture
winged;ribbed;winged;ribbed +
Body architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Body relief
tuberculate +  and rugose +
Bractlet quantity
1;15 +
Branch arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Branch structure in adjective form
stigmatic +
Bristle architecture
barbellulate +  and barbellate +
Bristle shape
Plumose (?) +
Calyculus presence
absent +
Calyculus quantity
Of 1 (15+ bractlets) +
Corolla architecture
zygomorphic +
Corolla coloration
yellowish +
Cypsela architecture
monomorphic +
Cypsela architecture or shape
beaked +
Cypsela growth form
dimorphic +
Cypsela shape
obovoid +  and more or less prismatic +
Disc-floret architecture
staminate +
Disc-floret atypical quantity
8 (12) +
Disc-floret quantity
3 (8) +
Disc floret architecture
staminate +
Disc floret reproduction
fertile +  and bisexual +
Distribution
Ala. +, Ark. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +, Mass. +, Miss. +, N.C. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, Va. +, South America +, also in Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, Europe +, Asia +, Africa +  and Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +
Elevation
0–300 m +
Embryo course
straight +
Face pubescence
glabrescent +  and glabrate +
Face relief
scabrellous +
Filament fusion
distinct +
Floret architecture
pistillate +, staminate +  and neuter +
Floret atypical quantity
5;15 +
Floret position
proximal +
Floret quantity
1;5 +
Floret reproduction
bisexual +
Fruit architecture
winged +  and beaked +
Fruit architecture or shape
5-7-ribbed +
Fruit condition or texture
dry +
Fruit density
dispersed +
Fruit shape
compressed;plumply ellipsoid;fusiform +
Fruit some measurement
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br />) +
Glomerule arrangement
singly +
Habitat
Disturbed, often sandy sites +
Head architecture or arrangement
radiate +
Head arrangement
in open , corymbiform arrays +  and singly +
Head atypical quantity
1 (3) +
Head development
indeterminate +
Head quantity
1 +
Head reproduction
homogamous +  and heterogamous +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Barbara Alongi +
Individual head architecture
each +  and sessile +
Introduced
true +
Involucre diameter
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Involucre position relational
surrounding +
Involucre shape
hemispheric +
Leaf-blade length
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (3.7 cm37 mm <br />0.037 m <br />) +
Leaf-blade shape
deltate;more or less rhombic or ovate +
Leaf-blade width
7mm;32mm +
Leaf architecture
sessile +  and petiolate +
Leaf arrangement
opposite +
Leaf position
cauline +
Line quantity
2 +
Lobe atypical quantity
3 (5) +
Lobe quantity
5 (?) +
Lobe shape
deltate +
Margin architecture or shape
dentate to pinnatifid or palmatifid +  and entire +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Ovary architecture
2-carpellate +
Ovary architecture or structure in adjective form
1-locular +
Ovary position
inferior +
Ovule fixation
attached +
Ovule orientation
anatropous +
Ovule quantity
1 +
Pappus duration
persistent +
Pappus life cycle
falling +
Pappus presence
absent +
Pappus prominence
rudimentary +
Pericarp fragility
tough +
Pericarp width
thick +
Perigynium architecture
prickly +
Perigynium texture
hardened +
Peripheral floret presence
absent +
Peripheral floret quantity
In 1 (3+ series) +
Petal fusion
connate +
Phenology
Flowering year round, mostly Jul–Aug. +
Phyllary duration
persistent +
Phyllary fusion
distinct +
Phyllary life cycle
falling +
Phyllary quantity
10 +  and 13 +
Phyllary size
unequal +
Phyllary texture
Herbaceous (Chartaceous) +
Prickle shape
uncinate +
Publication title
Revis. Gen. Pl. +
Publication year
1891 +
Ray-floret architecture
pistillate +
Ray-floret quantity
5 (8) +
Ray-floret reproduction
fertile +
Receptacle architecture
paleate +
Receptacle pubescence
bearing subulate enations +, hairy +  and bristly +
Receptacle shape
convex +
Reference
None +
Root texture
fibrous +
Seed architecture
exalbuminous +
Seed quantity
1 +
Sepal variability
modifed +
Series atypical quantity
1 (2) +
Series quantity
2 +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V19-20-21/V21 71.xml +
Special status
Introduced +  and Illustrated +
Stamen arrangement
alternate +
Stamen atypical quantity
4 (5) +
Stamen quantity
5 +
Stem growth form
procumbent +
Stem orientation
erect +  and more or less prostrate +
Stigmatic papilla presence
absent +
Style-branch architecture
appendaged +  and truncate +
Style architecture
2-branched +
Style pubescence
hirsutulous +  and glabrous +
Style quantity
1 +
Style relief
papillate +
Synonyms
Compositae +
Taxon family
Asteraceae +
Taxon name
Acanthospermum australe +
Taxon parent
Acanthospermum +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal spine quantity
lacking +
Throat shape
campanulate +
Tube height or length or size
shorter +
Ultimate margin shape
toothed +  and entire +
Volume
Volume 21 +
Whole-organism atypical some measurement
60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
Whole-organism duration
annual +
Whole-organism some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br />) +
Whole organism atypical some measurement
60 cm600 mm <br />0.6 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism some measurement
10cm (60cm) +
X chromosome quantity
11 +