familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae
tribePoaceae tribe Poeae
genusApera
speciesApera spica-venti

Apera spica-venti

Kelly W. Allred
Common names: Common windgrass Loose silkybent
Introduced
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 789.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Linda Ann Vorobik, Hana Pazdírková

Copyright: Utah State University

Culms 20-80 (120) cm, stout, usually with several shoots, sparingly branched; internodes shorter or longer than the sheaths. Sheaths often purplish; ligules 3-6 (12) mm; blades usually 6-16 (25) cm long, 2-5 (10) mm wide, flat. Panicles (5) 10-35 cm long, (2) 3-15 cm wide, usually open, pyramidal; branches spreading, naked at the base for 5+ mm, with spikelets usually borne towards the distal ends; pedicels 1-3 mm. Spikelets 2.4-3.2 mm, often purplish; rachillas prolonged for about 0.5 mm. Lower glumes 1.5-2.5 mm; upper glumes 2.4-3.2 mm; lemmas 1.6-3 mm, folded, scabridulous above midlength, awned, awns 5-12 mm; anthers 1-2 mm, greenish to yellowish, often purple-tinged. Caryopses 1-1.5 mm. 2n = 14.

Discussion

Apera spica-venti grows as a weed in lawns, waste places, grain fields, sandy ground, and roadsides. Introduced from Europe, it is found in scattered locations in the Flora region.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Apera spica-venti"
RDF feed
2n chromosome quantity
14 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +  and scarious +
Anther coloration
purple-tinged +, greenish +  and yellowish +
Anther quantity
3 +
Anther some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Apex architecture or shape
awned +  and entire +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Kelly W. Allred +
Authority
Adans. +
Awn architecture or shape
awned +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn course
straight +
Awn orientation
arising +
Awn position
midlength +
Awn quantity
single +
Awn shape
bent +
Awn some measurement
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Basal floret quantity
1 +  and 2 +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base arrangement
close +
Base fusion
free +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
hard +
Base width
thick +
Blade arrangement
parallel +
Blade arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Blade length
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (16 cm160 mm <br />0.16 m <br />) +
Blade prominence
not evident +
Blade prominence or shape
flat +
Blade pubescence
glabrous +
Blade shape
involute +  and flat +
Blade width
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
Branch architecture
naked +
Branch arrangement
divergent +
Branch orientation
spreading +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Callus development
developed +
Callus pubescence
hairy +  and glabrous +
Callus shape
blunt +
Collar pubescence
glabrous +
Common name
Common windgrass +  and Loose silkybent +
Culm architecture
branched +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm atypical some measurement
120 +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm fragility or size
stout +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm orientation
erect +
Culm pubescence
glabrous +
Culm shape
geniculate +
Culm some measurement
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (80 cm800 mm <br />0.8 m <br />) +
Culm texture
not woody +
Distal floret prominence
vestigial +
Distal floret size
reduced +
Distribution
Conn. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, Wash. +, Del. +, D.C +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, N.Mex. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Ohio +, Pa. +, B.C. +, Ont. +, Mass. +, Maine +, Nev. +, Colo. +, Md. +, Calif. +, Oreg. +, Vt. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Ariz. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Mo. +, Mich. +  and Ky. +
Embryo quantity
1/4 +  and 1/3 +
Endosperm texture
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret length or size
longer +
Floret position or shape
distal +
Floret prominence
vestigial +
Floret quantity
1 +
Floret reproduction
sterile +  and bisexual +
Floret shape
compressed +
Floret size
reduced +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume height or length or size
shorter +
Glume length or size
shorter or longer +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume presence
absent +
Glume pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Glume quantity
2 +
Glume shape
lanceolate +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume variability
equal +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum quantity
1/5 +
Hilum shape
Ovate (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Linda Ann Vorobik +  and Hana Pazdírková +
Inflorescence architecture
compound +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Internode architecture
hollow +
Internode height or length or size
shorter +
Internode length or size
shorter or longer +
Internode presence
absent +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Leaf position
cauline +
Lemma architecture
5-veined +
Lemma architecture or shape
folded +
Lemma fragility or texture
firmer +
Lemma height or length or size
shorter +
Lemma length or size
longer +
Lemma relief
scabridulous +
Lemma shape
folded +  and nearly terete +
Lemma some measurement
0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Lemma variability
equaling +
Ligule architecture or relief
erose +
Ligule atypical some measurement
12 +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule shape
lacerate +
Ligule some measurement
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule architecture
veined +
Lodicule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Lodicule architecture or shape
truncate +
Lodicule fusion
free +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule pubescence
glabrous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
toothed +
Lodicule texture
membranous +
Lower glume architecture
1-veined +
Lower glume some measurement
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
Midrib architecture
simple +
Midvein architecture
continuous +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
glabrous +
Palea architecture
2-veined +
Palea coloration
hyaline +
Palea development
well-developed +
Palea presence
absent +
Palea quantity
3/4 +
Palea shape
2-keeled +
Palea size
minute +
Panicle architecture
open +
Panicle length
10cm +  and 35cm +
Panicle shape
pyramidal +
Panicle size
reduced +
Panicle width
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pedicel some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pericarp width
thin +
Pseudopetiole development
not developed +
Pseudopetiole presence
absent +
Rachilla length
prolonged +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Reference
None +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath coloration
Purplish (?) +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath length
open +
Sheath shape
rounded +  and slightly keeled +
Shoot quantity
several +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24 1125.xml +
Special status
Introduced +
Spike architecture
ebracteate +
Spikelet architecture
pedicellate +
Spikelet arrangement
mixed +
Spikelet coloration
purplish +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet quantity
1 +  and 60 +
Spikelet reproduction
viviparous +
Spikelet shape
compressed +
Spikelet some measurement
0.24 cm2.4 mm <br />0.0024 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +  and compound +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +
Subsidiary-cell architecture
parallel-sided +
Synonyms
Gramineae +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Apera spica-venti +
Taxon parent
Apera +
Taxon rank
species +
Terminal floret reproduction
sexual +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Upper glume architecture
3-veined +
Upper glume height or length or size
slightly shorter than to slightly longer than the florets +
Upper glume some measurement
0.24 cm2.4 mm <br />0.0024 m <br /> (0.32 cm3.2 mm <br />0.0032 m <br />) +
Vein arrangement
parallel +  and converging +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 24 +
Whole organism architecture
stoloniferous +  and rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
annual +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
X chromosome quantity
7 +