Arachniodes simplicior

(Makino) Ohwi

J. Jap. Bot. 37: 76. 1962.

Common names: Simpler East Indian holly fern
IntroducedIllustrated
Basionym: Aspidium aristatum var. simplicius Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 15: 65. 1901
Synonyms: Byrsopteris simplicior (Makino) Kurata Polystichopsis simplicior (Makino) Tagawa Rumohra simplicior (Makino) Ching
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.

Stems creeping, 5–8 mm diam., densely scaly; scales tan to brownish, lanceolate. Leaves monomorphic, evergreen, 40–85 cm. Petiole straw-colored to tan, spaced 0.5–4 cm apart, 15–46 cm × 4–6 mm, base scaly; scales lanceolate. Blade deltate-pentagonal, 2–3-pinnate, 24–40 cm, broadest at base, abruptly tapering distally, apex pinnate, ultimately pinnatifid, as long as or longer than rest of blade. Pinnae 3–5 pairs, 1-pinnate, proximal pair basally 2-pinnate, 8–18 × 2–4 cm (excluding expanded base of proximal pinnae). Basal pinnules of proximal pair of pinnae elongate and pinnalike; basiscopic pinnule to 10 cm, acroscopic pinnule 1/3–1/2 length of basiscopic. Ultimate segments undivided to pinnatifid, finely spiny along margins and at tip. Sori with indusia 0.5–1 mm diam., indusia with deep sinus and often overlapping lobes, glabrous.


Habitat: Terrestrial along stream banks in woods
Elevation: 0 m

Distribution

V2 725-distribution-map.gif

Introduced; S.C., Asia in Japan, China

Discussion

Arachniodes simplicior was introduced and naturalized in South Carolina and is known from a single population there (J. E. Gordon 1981). It was still locally common in April 1990 and apparently poses no threat to the native flora.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"broadest" is not a number."/3lengthofbasiscopic" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property. "/2lengthofbasiscopic" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Arachniodes simplicior"
longer than rest +  and as-long-as +
pinnatifid +
Alan R. Smith +
(Makino) Ohwi +
not swollen +
Aspidium aristatum var. simplicius +
simple to commonly +
tapering;deltate-pentagonal +
reduced +
24 cm240 mm <br />0.24 m <br /> (40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br />) +
leathery;papery to somewhat +
roundish +
Simpler East Indian holly fern +
S.C. +, Asia in Japan +  and China +
often +  and glabrous +
Terrestrial along stream banks in woods +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
round-reniform +
monomorphic +
evergreen +
40 cm400 mm <br />0.4 m <br /> (85 cm850 mm <br />0.85 m <br />) +
overlapping +
apart +  and spaced +
straw-colored +  and tan +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (46 cm460 mm <br />0.46 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
not articulate +
acroscopic +  and basiscopic +
0 cm0 mm <br />0 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
inequilateral +
2cm +  and 4cm +
J. Jap. Bot. +
round +, cuplike +, hoodlike +, reniform +, falcate +  and linear +
2 +  and 3 +
tan;brownish +
persistent +
lanceolate;lanceolate +
discrete +
Introduced +  and Illustrated +
reniform +  and oblong +
dictyostelic +, unbranched +  and branched +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
creeping +  and erect +
Byrsopteris simplicior +, Polystichopsis simplicior +  and Rumohra simplicior +
Arachniodes simplicior +
Arachniodes +
species +
anastomosing +  and simple +
epiphytic +  and hemiepiphytic +