Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. californicum

(Hawksworth & Wiens) Nickrent

Phytoneuron 2012-51: 10. 2012.

Common names: Sugar pine dwarf mistletoe
Endemic
Basionym: Arceuthobium californicum Hawksworth & Wiens Brittonia 22: 266. 1970
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 431. Mentioned on page 429.

Plants forming witches brooms. Stems bright-yellow or green, 6–8 (–14) cm; third internode 6–10.5 (–16) × 1–1.5 (–2) mm, dominant shoot 1.5–4 mm diam. at base. Staminate flowers 3.3 mm diam.; petals 3–4. Fruits 4 × 2.5 mm.


Phenology: Flowering Jul–Aug; fruiting Sep–Oct.
Habitat: Coniferous forests with sugar pine or western white pine.
Elevation: 600–2000 m.

Discussion

Meiosis occurs in July, with fruits maturing 13–14 months after pollination.

As the common name implies, subsp. californicum is parasitic primarily on Pinus lambertiana, secondarily on P. monticola. It is found from the Peninsular Ranges of San Diego County through the Sierra Nevada to the Cascade Range of Siskiyou County, as well as some locations in the Klamath Mountains. In some locations it is sympatric with subsp. campylopodum, and rarely both taxa can be found on the same host. It induces large witches' brooms on sugar pine and is considered a serious pathogen of that species.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
Daniel L. Nickrent +
(Hawksworth & Wiens) Nickrent +
Arceuthobium californicum +
brown +, orange +, yellow +, olive green +  and yellowish green +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (?) +
scale-like +
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (22 cm220 mm <br />0.22 m <br />) +
3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br /> (?) +  and 10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +
Sugar pine dwarf mistletoe +
spikelike +
600–2000 m. +
globose +  and pyriform +
3.3 cm33 mm <br />0.033 m <br /> (?) +
lenticular +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (?) +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (?) +
Coniferous forests with sugar pine or western white pine. +
terminal +  and axillary +
bisexual +  and unisexual +
1.05 cm10.5 mm <br />0.0105 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br />) +
connate +
scale-like +
pinnate +  and entire +
articulated +
asymmetric +  and symmetric +
yellowish green +
connate +  and distinct +
deltate +  and triangular +
Flowering Jul–Aug +  and fruiting Sep–Oct. +
2[-3]-carpellate +
Phytoneuron +
mucilaginous +
0.33 cm3.3 mm <br />0.0033 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.55 cm5.5 mm <br />0.0055 m <br /> (?) +
pyriform +  and ellipsoid +
0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br /> (?) +  and 0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (?) +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
3 +  and 4 +
8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br /> (14 cm140 mm <br />0.14 m <br />) +
green;bright-yellow +
pendulous +  and erect +
fanlike +
6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br /> (8 cm80 mm <br />0.08 m <br />) +
undifferentiated +
Razoumofskya campylopoda +
Arceuthobium campylopodum subsp. californicum +
Arceuthobium campylopodum +
subspecies +
spikelike +
mucilaginous +
evergreen +  and perennial +