Bacopa monnieri

(Linnaeus) Wettstein in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl

Nat. Pflanzenfam. 67[IV,3b]: 77. 1891.

Common names: Brahmi Indian pennywort herb of grace
WeedyIllustrated
Basionym: Lysimachia monnieri Linnaeus Cent. Pl. II, 9. 1756
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 261. Mentioned on page 257, 260.

Perennials, sometimes annuals. Stems prostrate, 15–30 cm, glabrous. Leaves glabrous; blade fleshy, base narrowly cuneate, margins entire or serrate, apex obtuse, 1-nerved. Pedicels 5–30 mm; bracteoles present. Flowers: sepals 5, ovate to lanceolate, calyx radially symmetric; corolla white with yellow throat, 5–10 mm, lobes 5; stamens 4, didynamous. 2n = 64.


Phenology: Flowering Apr–Sep.
Habitat: Wetlands, wet sands, mud flats, riparian areas.
Elevation: 0–1500 m.

Distribution

Ala., Ariz., Calif., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tex., Va., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, s Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, in sw Europe (Portugal), in sw Europe (Spain), Asia (China), Asia (Taiwan)

Discussion

Bacopa monnieri is thought to be native throughout much of its range, though it is weedy and cultivated. It readily colonizes irrigated fields, especially rice fields, and seeds easily get mixed with rice and are planted in new locations. Bacopa monnieri is introduced in parts of Europe (Portugal, Spain) and Asia (China, Taiwan). It can be propagated vegetatively by cuttings.

Bacopa monnieri is used medicinally in Asia in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda). It is edible and contains steroidal saponins, including bacosides, that have beneficial effects on the nervous system. Leaf, stem, and root extracts are used as cardiac and nerve tonics, sedatives, and vasoconstrictors. Leaves and stems are diuretic and used in treating constipation and indigestion. An alcohol extract of the whole plant has been used to treat Walker carcinoma and as a cardiovascular and muscle relaxer. In the United States, recent studies suggest it has potential for enhancing cognitive performance in the elderly and in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (C. Calabres et al. 2008; S. Aguiar and T. Borowski 2013). Extracts are used in the treatment of nerve and brain disorders; they also are believed to enhance intellect and decrease fertility.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"outer wider" is not a number.

... more about "Bacopa monnieri"
Adjoa Richardson Ahedor +
(Linnaeus) Wettstein in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl +
alternate +, opposite +, whorled +, helical +  and subopposite +
cuneate +
Lysimachia monnieri +
campanulate +
Brahmi +, Indian pennywort +  and herb of grace +
bilabiate +, regular +  and symmetric +
tubular +, campanulate +  and rotate +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Ala. +, Ariz. +, Calif. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, N.C. +, Okla. +, S.C. +, Tex. +, Va. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +, South America +, s Europe +, Asia +, Africa +, Australia +, in sw Europe (Portugal) +, in sw Europe (Spain) +, Asia (China) +  and Asia (Taiwan) +
drupe-like +
0–1500 m. +
curved +  and straight +
1 +  and 4 +
loculicidal +, septicidal-loculicidal +  and dehiscence +
Wetlands, wet sands, mud flats, riparian areas. +
persistent +  and deciduous +
serrate +  and entire +
serrate +, crenate +  and entire +
axile +  and parietal +
basal +, apical +  and superior +
tenuinucellate +, unitegmic +  and hemitropous +
campylotropous +, hemianatropous +  and anatropous +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
5 +  and 4 +
Flowering Apr–Sep. +
Nat. Pflanzenfam. +
minute +
brownish black +
ellipsoid +  and cylindric +
distinct +
ovate +  and lanceolate +
Weedy +  and Illustrated +
climbing +  and scrambling +
erect;prostrate +
15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br /> (30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br />) +
flattened +
Bacopa monnieri +
species +
gibbous +  and not spurred +
annual +  and perennial +
perennial +  and annual +
submerged +  and emergent +