Bouteloua gracilis

(Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths
Common names: Blue grama Eyelash grass
Synonyms: Chondrosum gracile Bouteloua oligostachya
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 261.

Plants perennial; usually densely cespitose, often with short, stout rhizomes. Culms 24-70 cm, not woody basally, erect, geniculate, or decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, not branched from the aerial nodes; nodes usually 2-3, glabrous or puberulent; lower internodes glabrous. Leaves mainly basal; sheaths glabrous or sparsely hirsute; ligules 0.1-0.4 mm, of hairs, often with marginal tufts of long hairs; blades 2-12 (19) cm long, 0.5-2.5 mm wide, flat to involute at maturity, hairs usually present basally. Panicles with 1-3 (6) branches, these racemose on 2-8.5 (12.5) cm rachises or digitate; branches 13-50 (75) mm, persistent, arcuate, scabrous, without papillose-based hairs, with 40-130 spikelets, terminating in a spikelet; disarticulation above the glumes. Spikelets pectinate, with 1 bisexual and 1 rudimentary floret. Glumes mostly glabrous or scabrous, midveins sometimes with papillose-based hairs; lower glumes 1.5-3.5 mm; upper glumes 3.5-6 mm; lowest lemmas 3.5-6 mm, pubescent at least basally, 5-lobed, central and lateral lobes veined and awned, awns 1-3 mm, central awns flanked by 2 membranous lobes; lower paleas about 5 mm, shallowly bilobed, veins excurrent for less than 1 mm; rachilla segments subtending second florets with a distal tuft of hairs; anthers 1.7-2.9 mm, yellow or purple; upper florets sterile, 0.9-3 mm, lobed almost to the base, lobes rounded, 3-awned, awns equal, 1-3 mm. Caryopses 2.5-3 mm long, about 0.5 mm wide. 2n = 20, 28, 35, 40, 42, 60, 61, 77, 84.

Distribution

Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Sask., Wis., Wyo., Conn., Fla., S.C., N.Mex., Tex., N.Y., Nev., Colo., Calif., Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., Okla., S.Dak., Ill., Iowa, Ariz., Idaho, Maine, Mass., Ohio, Utah, Mo., Minn., Mich., Mont.

Discussion

Bouteloua gracilis grows in pure stands in mixed prairie associations and disturbed habitats, usually on rocky or clay soils and mainly at elevations of 300-3000 m. Its native range extends from Canada to central Mexico; records from the eastern portion of the Flora represent introductions.

Bouteloua gracilis is an important native forage species and also an attractive ornamental.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Bouteloua gracilis"
84 +, 77 +, 61 +, 60 +, 42 +, 40 +, 35 +, 28 +  and 20 +
purple +  and yellow +
1 +  and 3 +
0.17 cm1.7 mm <br />0.0017 m <br /> (0.29 cm2.9 mm <br />0.0029 m <br />) +
J.K. Wipff +
(Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths +
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
well-developed +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
keeled +  and rounded +
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
not fused +
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
swelling +
membranous +
not pseudopetiolate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (12 cm120 mm <br />0.12 m <br />) +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
flat +  and involute +
0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
subdigitate +  and digitate +
75 cm750 mm <br />0.75 m <br /> (?) +
persistent +
spikelike +
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
not woody +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (?) +
triangular +  and dome--shaped +
sometimes longer +
membranous +
Blue grama +  and Eyelash grass +
not branched +  and rooting +
geniculate +
24 cm240 mm <br />0.24 m <br /> (70 cm700 mm <br />0.7 m <br />) +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, Ont. +, Sask. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Conn. +, Fla. +, S.C. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, N.Y. +, Nev. +, Colo. +, Calif. +, Kans. +, N.Dak. +, Nebr. +, Okla. +, S.Dak. +, Ill. +, Iowa +, Ariz. +, Idaho +, Maine +, Mass. +, Ohio +, Utah +, Mo. +, Minn. +, Mich. +  and Mont. +
not waisted +
capillary +
pistillate +  and staminate +
4-lobed +  and trilobed +
sometimes longer +
rudimentary +
round +  and compressed +
reduced +
shorter or longer +
subtending +
scabrous +  and glabrous +
both +  and 1 +
acuminate +  and acute +
subequal +  and unequal +
papillose-based +
uncinate +
paniculate +  and racemose +
hollow +  and solid +
not absent +
5-veined +, 7-13-veined +  and 1-3-veined +
sometimes longer +
0.01 cm0.1 mm <br />1.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
membranous +
rounded +
membranous +
inconspicuous +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (?) +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
concealed +  and prominent +
puberulent +  and glabrous +
2 +  and 3 +
2 +  and 1 +
dry +  and fleshy +
spikelike +
12.5 cm125 mm <br />0.125 m <br /> (?) +
elongate +
flabellate +
hirsute +  and glabrous +
sessile +  and subsessile +
40 +  and 130 +
pectinate +
1 +  and 3 +
compound +  and simple +
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Chondrosum gracile +  and Bouteloua oligostachya +
Bouteloua gracilis +
Bouteloua subg. Chondrosum +
species +
membranous +
0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
7 (?) +  and 13 (?) +
extended +
rhizomatous +  and stoloniferous +
plant +  and cespitose +
aquatic +  and terrestrial +