familyPoaceae
subfamilyPoaceae subfam. Pooideae
tribePoaceae tribe Bromeae
genusBromus
sectionBromus sect. Ceratochloa
speciesBromus catharticus
varietyBromus catharticus var. catharticus

Bromus catharticus var. catharticus

Leon E. Pavlickf
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 199.
Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Cindy Roché

Copyright: Utah State University

Plants annual or biennial; tufted. Culms 30-120 cm, erect or decumbent. Sheaths usually densely, often retrorsely, hairy, hairs sometimes confined to the throat; ligules 1-4 mm, glabrous or pilose, erose; blades 4-26 cm long, 3-10 mm wide, glabrous or hairy on both surfaces. Panicles 9-28 cm, open, erect or nodding; lower branches 1-4 per node, spreading or ascending, with 1-5 spikelets. Spikelets 20-30 mm, with 6-12 florets. Lower glumes 5-7-veined; upper glumes 9-13 mm, (7) 9 (11) -veined; lemmas 11-20 mm, glabrous or scabrous, sometimes pubescent distally, (9) 11-13-veined; awns absent or to 3.5 mm; anthers about 0.5 mm in cleistogamous florets, 2-4 mm in chasmogamous florets. 2n = 42.

Discussion

Bromus catharticus var. catharticus is native to South America. It has been widely introduced in the flora region as a forage crop and is now established, particularly in the southern half of the United States. It usually grows on disturbed soils.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"decumbent" is not a number.

... more about "Bromus catharticus var. catharticus"
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2n chromosome quantity
42 +
Abaxial ligule presence
absent +
Abaxial ligule quantity
common +
Adaxial cell presence
absent +
Adaxial cell shape
bulliform +
Adaxial ligule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Adaxial ligule presence
absent +
Adaxial ligule texture
membranous +  and scarious +
Anther atypical quantity
2 (?) +
Anther quantity
3 +
Anther some measurement
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Apex architecture or shape
with acute teeth +  and entire +
Apex pubescence
hairy +
Apex shape
toothed +  and entire +
Arm cell presence
absent +
Auricle presence
absent +
Author
Leon E. Pavlickf +
Authority
Vahl +
Awn architecture
unbranched +
Awn arrangement
divaricate +
Awn atypical quantity
1 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Awn course
straight +
Awn fusion
distinct +
Awn orientation
erect +
Awn position
subterminal +  and terminal +
Awn presence
absent +
Awn quantity
0-3.5 mm +
Awn shape
geniculate +
Back shape
keeled +  and rounded +
Basal floret quantity
1 +  and 2 +
Base architecture
pseudopetiolate +  and branching +
Base arrangement
close +
Base fusion
free +
Base position
intravaginal +, extravaginal +, branching +  and basal +
Base size
swelling +
Base texture
hard +
Base width
thick +
Blade arrangement
parallel +
Blade arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Blade length
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (26 cm260 mm <br />0.26 m <br />) +
Blade prominence
not evident +
Blade prominence or shape
flat +
Blade pubescence
hairy +  and glabrous +
Blade shape
cross +, linear +  and narrowly lanceolate +
Blade shape or vernation
involute +
Blade width
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Branch orientation
drooping;reflexed;usually ascending;spreading +
Branch shape
spikelike +
Callus development
developed +
Callus pubescence
glabrous +
Culm architecture
not branching +
Culm architecture or arrangement or growth form
solitary +
Culm duration
annual +
Culm growth form
climbing +
Culm growth form or location
floating +
Culm height
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
Culm orientation
decumbent +  and erect +
Culm some measurement
30 cm300 mm <br />0.3 m <br /> (120 cm1,200 mm <br />1.2 m <br />) +
Culm texture
not woody +
Culm thickness
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Distal floret size
reduced +
Distribution
D.C. +, Kans. +, N.Dak. +, Okla. +, Pacific Islands (Hawaii) +, Fla. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, Tex. +, La. +, Nebr. +, Tenn. +, N.C. +, S.C. +, Pa. +, N.Y. +, Nev. +, Va. +, Alta. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, Ont. +, Colo. +, Calif. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Ill. +, Ga. +, Iowa +, Ariz. +, Md. +, Ohio +, Utah +, Mo. +, Miss. +, Ky. +, Oreg. +  and S.Dak. +
Embryo quantity
1/6 +
Endosperm texture
liquid +, soft +  and hard +
Filament shape
capillary +
Floret architecture
pistillate +  and staminate +
Floret arrangement
adjacent +
Floret length or size
sometimes longer +
Floret quantity
6 +  and 12 +
Floret reproduction
chasmogamous +  and cleistogamous +
Floret shape
terete +  and laterally compressed +
Glume architecture
1-9(11)-veined +
Glume architecture or shape
awned +
Glume height or length or size
always shorter +  and usually shorter +
Glume length
lanceolate +
Glume position
subtending +
Glume presence
absent +
Glume pubescence
pubescent +, glabrous +, scabrous +  and smooth +
Glume quantity
1/4 +
Glume shape
mucronate +  and acute +
Glume size
unequal +
Glume variability
equal +
Hair shape
uncinate +
Hilum arrangement or course or shape
linear +
Hilum coloration or relief
punctate +
Hilum shape
Ovate (?) +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Utah State University +
Illustrator
Cindy Roché +
Inflorescence architecture
compound +
Inflorescence position or structure subtype
terminal +
Inflorescence size
reduced +
Internode architecture
solid +  and hollow +
Internode presence
absent +
Layer presence
absent +
Leaf arrangement
distichous +
Leaf margin arrangement
Overlapping (?) +
Lemma architecture
(9)11-13-veined +
Lemma architecture or pubescence or relief
smooth +
Lemma architecture or shape
not +  and awned +
Lemma arrangement
adjacent +
Lemma pubescence
pubescent +, scabrous +  and glabrous +
Lemma pubescence or relief
scabrous +
Lemma shape
keeled +, compressed +  and lanceolate +
Lemma some measurement
1.1 cm11 mm <br />0.011 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Lemma texture
herbaceous +  and coriaceous +
Ligule architecture or relief
erose +
Ligule presence
absent +
Ligule pubescence
pilose +  and glabrous +
Ligule shape
lacerate +  and obtuse +
Ligule some measurement
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br />) +
Ligule texture
membranous +
Lodicule architecture
not veined +
Lodicule architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Lodicule architecture or shape
truncate +
Lodicule prominence
inconspicuous +
Lodicule pubescence
glabrous +
Lodicule quantity
2 +
Lodicule shape
lanceolate +
Lodicule texture
fleshy +  and membranous +
Lower branch orientation
ascending +  and spreading +
Lower branch quantity
1 +  and 4 +
Lower branch some measurement
10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br /> (?) +
Lower glume architecture
5-7-veined +
Lower glume some measurement
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br />) +
Margin coloration
purplish +, whitish +  and hyaline +
Margin prominence
conspicuous +
Midrib architecture
simple +
Node prominence
concealed +  and prominent +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Other quantity
2 +  and 1 +
Ovary presence
absent +
Ovary pubescence
hairy +  and glabrous +
Palea architecture or pubescence or shape
ciliate +
Palea development
well-developed +
Palea height or length or size
usually shorter +
Palea presence
absent +
Palea shape
keeled +
Palea size
reduced +
Panicle architecture
open +
Panicle orientation
nodding +  and erect +
Panicle some measurement
9 cm90 mm <br />0.09 m <br /> (28 cm280 mm <br />0.28 m <br />) +
Papilla presence
absent +
Pericarp arrangement
separating +
Pericarp condition or texture
dry +
Pericarp texture
dry +  and fleshy +
Pseudopetiole presence
absent +
Raceme architecture
open +
Rachilla length
prolonged +
Rachis prominence
evident +
Reference
None +
Sheath architecture
open +
Sheath condition
closed +
Sheath length
full +
Sheath pubescence
hairy +
Source xml
https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/84153f6d59a0a91d69695978a64cee7560374f8e/V24/V24 274.xml +
Special status
Introduced +
Spike architecture
ebracteate +
Spikelet arrangement
overlapping +, not crowded +  and distributed +
Spikelet atypical some measurement
17 +
Spikelet fixation
attached +
Spikelet quantity
1 +  and 5 +
Spikelet reproduction
not viviparous +
Spikelet shape
compressed +, elliptic +  and lanceolate +
Spikelet some measurement
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
Stamen quantity
1 +  and 3 +
Starch-grain architecture
simple +  and compound +
Style-branch atypical quantity
4 +  and 1 +
Style-branch quantity
2 (?) +  and 3 (?) +
Style quantity
2 +
Subsidiary-cell architecture
parallel-sided +
Synonyms
Ceratochloa unioloides +, Bromus willdenowii +  and Bromus unioloides +
Taxon family
Poaceae +
Taxon name
Bromus catharticus var. catharticus +
Taxon parent
Bromus catharticus +
Taxon rank
variety +
Terminal floret reproduction
sexual +
Tissue coloration
hyaline +
Tissue texture
membranous +
Tooth shape
acute +
Tooth some measurement
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (?) +
Upper glume architecture
(7)9(11)-veined +
Upper glume height or length or size
shorter +
Upper glume some measurement
0.9 cm9 mm <br />0.009 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
Vein architecture or shape
riblike +
Vein arrangement
converging +
Vein presence
absent +
Vein prominence
raised +
Vein quantity
2 (?) +
Vein size
major +
Volume
Volume 24 +
Whole organism architecture
rhizomatous +
Whole organism arrangement or pubescence
tufted +
Whole organism duration
biennial +  and annual +
Whole organism growth form
plant +
Whole organism growth form or habitat
aquatic +  and terrestrial +
X chromosome quantity
7 +