Caperonia castaneifolia

(Linnaeus) A. St.-Hilaire

Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil 3/4: 245. 1825.

Common names: Chestnutleaf false croton
Introduced
Basionym: Croton castaneifolius Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1004. 1753
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 180.

Herbs, 30–140 cm; indumentum of nonglandular hairs. Stems erect, glabrescent or sparsely hairy, hairs fine, usually appressed; older stems 6–13 mm diam. Leaves: petiole 0.3–1.5 cm; blade linear, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, narrowly ovate, or elliptic, 5–15 × 0.4–3 cm (L/W = (2–) 4–24), base narrowly acute, apex narrowly acute, acute, or obtuse, surfaces glabrescent or sparsely appressed-hairy. Inflorescences 1.5–7 cm, peduncle 0.5–3 cm, fertile portion 0.7–5 cm, with 1–2 pistillate flowers. Staminate flowers: petals narrowly obovate, 2–2.3 mm, often unequal, exerted well beyond calyx. Pistillate flowers: sepals ovate or elliptic, longest 2–2.4 mm, becoming 3–4.5 mm in fruit; petals 1.9–2.9 mm; ovary densely covered in bulbous-based, nonglandular trichomes. Capsules 5–6 mm wide, trichomes conic proximally, hairlike distally, nonglandular. Seeds pale-brown, 3 mm diam.


Phenology: Flowering and fruiting Aug–Nov.
Habitat: Shallow water or wet margins and banks of ditches, canals, marshy areas, lakes.
Elevation: 0–30 m.

Distribution

V12 1034-distribution-map.jpg

Introduced; Fla., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America

Discussion

Native to tropical America from Mexico and the West Indies to Brazil, Caperonia castaneifolia is known in the flora area from southern Florida and from one isolated population in Sumter County in central Florida. Collections in the flora area date from the late 1960s; older records attributed to this species appear to have been based on misidentified specimens of C. palustris. A report from Mississippi (C. T. Bryson and D. A. Skojac 2011) also was based on a misidentified specimen of C. palustris.

Caperonia castaneifolia is easily distinguished from C. palustris by the lack of glandular hairs, and also differs in its tendency to have thicker stems, narrower leaves, shorter inflorescences with fewer pistillate flowers, and larger staminate petals. Both species exhibit considerable inter-individual (and to a lesser extent within-individual) variation in leaf blade shape, but in the flora area, C. castaneifolia more frequently has narrower, linear or linear-lanceolate leaves.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"fine" is not a number."longest" is not a number.

... more about "Caperonia castaneifolia"
obtuse;acute;obtuse;acute;acute +
Lynn J. Gillespie +
(Linnaeus) A. St.-Hilaire +
Croton castaneifolius +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (15 cm150 mm <br />0.15 m <br />) +
elliptic;ovate;elliptic;ovate;lanceolate;linear-lanceolate;linear +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br />) +
Chestnutleaf false croton +
Fla. +, Mexico +, West Indies +, Central America +  and South America +
0–30 m. +
pistillate +  and staminate +
5 +  and 8 +
subtending +
Shallow water or wet margins and banks of ditches, canals, marshy areas, lakes. +
1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
palmate +  and pinnate +
palmate +  and pinnate +
crenate +, repand +  and subentire +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
distinct;adnate;distinct +
obovate +
unequal +
0.19 cm1.9 mm <br />0.0019 m <br /> (0.29 cm2.9 mm <br />0.0029 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1.5 cm15 mm <br />0.015 m <br />) +
Flowering and fruiting Aug–Nov. +
0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil +
parallel +  and spaced +
pale-brown +
subglobose +
persistent +
elliptic +  and ovate +
unequal +  and enlarging +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (0.45 cm4.5 mm <br />0.0045 m <br />) +
Introduced +
0.6 cm6 mm <br />0.006 m <br /> (1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br />) +
hairy +  and glabrescent +
multifid +  and 2-fid +
appressed-hairy +  and glabrescent +
Caperonia castaneifolia +
Caperonia +
species +
hairlike +  and conic +