Cardamine nuttallii

Greene

Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 389. 1887.

Endemic
Basionym: Dentaria tenella Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 439. 1813,
Synonyms: Cardamine californica var. gemmata (Greene) O. E. Schulz Cardamine gemmata Greene Cardamine nuttallii var. covilleana (O. E. Schulz) Rollins Cardamine nuttallii var. dissecta (O. E. Schulz) Rollins Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata (Greene) Rollins Cardamine nuttallii var. pulcherrima (Greene) Roy L. Taylor & Macbryde Cardamine pulcherrima (Howell) Greene Cardamine pulcherrima var. tenella (Pursh) C. L. Hitchcock Cardamine quercetorum Cardamine tenella var. covilleana O. E. Schulz Cardamine tenella var. dissecta O. E. Schulz Cardamine tenella var. quercetorum (Howell) O. E. Schulz Dentaria gemmata Dentaria macrocarpa Dentaria macrocarpa var. pulcherrima (Greene) B. L. Robinson ex S. Watson Dentaria quercetorum Dentaria tenella var. palmata Detling Dentaria tenella var. pulcherrima (Greene) Detling Dentaria tenella var. quercetorum (Howell) Detling
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 478. Mentioned on page 466.

Perennials; glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Rhizomes (tuberiform, fragile), with ovoid to oblong or cylindrical nodal swellings, slender, 2–5 mm diam., (fleshy). Stems erect, unbranched, 0.5–2 (–3) dm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent distally. Rhizomal leaves simple or 3 (or 5) -foliolate, (3–) 4–20 (–25) cm, leaflets petiolulate or subsessile; petiole (2–) 3–18 (–21) cm; lateral leaflets (when present) petiolulate to subsessile, blade similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (subsessile or petiolule 0.2–3 cm), blade (simple leaf or terminal leaflet) reniform to suborbicular or ovate to oblong, (0.9–) 1.3–4 (–5.2) cm × (8–) 12–50 (–70) mm, base cordate to obtuse, margins crenate, dentate, or 5–7-lobed, (apiculae terminating teeth or lobes, surfaces glabrous). Cauline leaves 1–3, 3 (or 5) -foliolate, (appearing palmate), petiolate, leaflets petiolulate or sessile; petiole (0.2–) 0.5–2 (–3) cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets sessile, blade similar to terminal, smaller; terminal leaflet petiolulate or sessile, blade broadly ovate to oblong or linear, (0.5–) 1–3.5 (–6) cm, margins usually entire or dentate, rarely lobed. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels ascending to divaricate, 10–35 mm. Flowers: sepals oblong, 3.5–5 × 1.5–2 mm, lateral pair saccate basally; petals usually purple to pale-pink, rarely white, obovate, 10–15 × 4–7.5 mm, (not clawed, apex rounded); filaments: median pairs 5–8 mm, lateral pair 3.5–5 mm; anthers oblong, 1.5–2 mm. Fruits linear, 2.5–5.6 cm × 2–2.3 mm; ovules 8–16 per ovary; style 4–8 mm. Seeds dark-brown, oblong, 2–2.5 × 1.4–1.6 mm.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–May.
Habitat: Open pine forests, damp woods, shaded bottomlands, mossy slopes, streamsides, shaded and moist hillsides
Elevation: 150-1000 m

Distribution

V7 735-distribution-map.gif

B.C., Calif., Oreg., Wash.

Discussion

The infraspecific taxonomy of Cardamine nuttallii has been based almost entirely on the division and margin of rhizomal leaves. The treatments by O. E. Schulz (1903), L. E. Detling (1937), and R. C. Rollins (1993), though utilizing the same characters, varied considerably, especially in the application of names to varieties. The absence of rhizomal leaves on most specimens makes varietal determination an almost impossible task. Furthermore, leaf morphology is so highly variable that it is not useful for formally recognizing some of the other variants in the species. We therefore prefer to not subdivide the species.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

"equal" is not a number."elongated" is not a number."thick" is not a number."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property."dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.

... more about "Cardamine nuttallii"
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz +, Karol Marhold +  and Judita Lihová +
Greene +
not auriculate +, cordate +  and obtuse +
Dentaria tenella +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (5.2 cm52 mm <br />0.052 m <br />) +
3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br /> (6 cm60 mm <br />0.06 m <br />) +
5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br /> (7 cm70 mm <br />0.07 m <br />) +
1.3 cm13 mm <br />0.013 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
compound +  and trifoliolate +
lobed +, 1-3-pinnatisect +, toothed +  and entire +
broadly ovate;oblong or linear +
smaller +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
1.2 cm12 mm <br />0.012 m <br /> (5 cm50 mm <br />0.05 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
petiolate +  and 3-foliolate +
well-developed +
distinct +
differentiated +
emarginate +  and entire +
B.C. +, Calif. +, Oreg. +  and Wash. +
150-1000 m +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
lateral +  and median +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +
not basally +  and saccate +
lilac;purple;lilac;purple;pink;white +
ascending +, spreading +  and erect +
oblanceolate +, spatulate +, obovate +, oblong +  and ovate +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (5.6 cm56 mm <br />0.056 m <br />) +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.23 cm2.3 mm <br />0.0023 m <br />) +
latiseptate +  and sessile +
torulose +, lanceolate +, oblong +  and linear +
Open pine forests, damp woods, shaded bottomlands, mossy slopes, streamsides, shaded and moist hillsides +
semiannular +  and annular +
sessile +, petiolulate +  and subsessile +
compound +, pinnately +, trifoliolate +  and simple +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
basal +  and cauline +
sessile +, petiolulate +  and subsessile +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
dentate +  and entire +
lobed;5-7-lobed;dentate;5-7-lobed;dentate;crenate +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
white +, usually purple +  and pale-pink +
10mm;15mm +
rudimentary +
obovate +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.75 cm7.5 mm <br />0.0075 m <br />) +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (3 cm30 mm <br />0.03 m <br />) +
0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–May. +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. +
stout +  and slender +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (3.5 cm35 mm <br />0.035 m <br />) +
flattened +
3-foliolate +  and simple +
20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br /> (25 cm250 mm <br />0.25 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (20 cm200 mm <br />0.2 m <br />) +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
not +  and mucilaginous +
winged +  and margined +
uniseriate +  and biseriate +
not +  and mucilaginous +
dark-brown +
0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.16 cm1.6 mm <br />0.0016 m <br />) +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
0.35 cm3.5 mm <br />0.0035 m <br /> (0.5 cm5 mm <br />0.005 m <br />) +
erect +  and spreading or ascending +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
reduced +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
tetradynamous +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
2-lobed +, entire +, conical +  and capitate +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
persistent +
distinct +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (0.8 cm8 mm <br />0.008 m <br />) +
Cardamine californica var. gemmata +, Cardamine gemmata +, Cardamine nuttallii var. covilleana +, Cardamine nuttallii var. dissecta +, Cardamine nuttallii var. gemmata +, Cardamine nuttallii var. pulcherrima +, Cardamine pulcherrima +, Cardamine pulcherrima var. tenella +, Cardamine quercetorum +, Cardamine tenella var. covilleana +, Cardamine tenella var. dissecta +, Cardamine tenella var. quercetorum +, Dentaria gemmata +, Dentaria macrocarpa +, Dentaria macrocarpa var. pulcherrima +, Dentaria quercetorum +, Dentaria tenella var. palmata +, Dentaria tenella var. pulcherrima +  and Dentaria tenella var. quercetorum +
Cardamine nuttallii +
Cardamine +
species +
sessile +  and petiolulate +
scale-like +  and forked +
pubescent +, , +  and glabrous +
anastomosing +
pubescent +  and glabrous +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +