Cardamine parviflora

Linnaeus

Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 1131. 1759.

WeedyIllustrated
Synonyms: Cardamine arenicola Britton Cardamine flexuosa var. gracilis O. E. Schulz Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola (Britton) O. E. Schulz
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 480. Mentioned on page 466.

Annuals; (slender); glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent throughout. Rhizomes absent. Stems (simple or few to several from base), erect, (somewhat flexuous), often branched distally, (0.5–) 1–3 (–4) dm. Basal leaves (often withered by anthesis), usually not rosulate, pinnately (5 or) 7–13 (–17) -foliolate, (2–) 4–10cm, leaflets sessile or petiolulate; petiole 0.5–2.5 (–4.5) cm; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet (sessile or petiolule to 0.5 cm), blade linear to oblong, oblanceolate to obovate, or suborbicular, (0.1–) 0.3–1 cm × 1–7 mm, base cuneate, margins entire or 3 (–5) -toothed or lobed. Cauline leaves 5–10 (–14), (5–) 9–15 (–17) -foliolate, petiolate, leaflets sessile; petiole 0.3–1 cm, base not auriculate; lateral leaflets similar to terminal, sometimes smaller; terminal leaflet blade filiform, linear, or narrowly oblong, 0.3–1 (–1.6) cm × 0.3–3 mm, margins usually entire, rarely 1–3-toothed. Racemes ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, 4–10 mm. Flowers: sepals oblong, 1–1.5 (–2) × 0.3–0.5 mm, lateral pair not saccate basally, (margins membranous); petals white, oblanceolate, (1.5–) 1.8–2.5 (–3) × 0.4–0.8 (–1) mm; filaments 1.4–2.5 mm; anthers ovate, 0.2–0.4 mm. Fruits linear, (torulose), (0.5–) 1–2 (–2.5) cm × 0.6–0.9 mm; ovules 20–50 per ovary; style 0.3–0.7 (–1) mm. Seeds pale-brown, oblong-ovoid, 0.6–0.9 × 0.4–0.6 mm, (narrowly margined or not). 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun.
Habitat: Roadsides, stream banks, rocky crests and outcrops, crevices of granitic bedrock, dry woods, glades, fallow fields, disturbed ground, limestone barrens, marsh and swamp margins, floodplains, waste ground, slopes, ledges, cliffs, meadows
Elevation: 0-1500 m

Distribution

V7 740-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T., Ont., Que., Sask., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Eurasia

Discussion

Within Cardamine parviflora, in the broad sense, two species or varieties have been recognized: the Eurasian C. parviflora (or C. parviflora var. parviflora) versus the North American C. arenicola (or C. parviflora var. arenicola). Nuclear DNA data suggested a sister relationship of the North American and Eurasian entities, while cpDNA data showed them intermingled (J. Lihová et al. 2006). There are no apparent morphological differences between these entities, although detailed morphological studies are still lacking. We currently prefer to treat them as a single taxon.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.

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... more about "Cardamine parviflora"
0.02 cm0.2 mm <br />2.0e-4 m <br /> (0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br />) +
Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz +, Karol Marhold +  and Judita Lihová +
Linnaeus +
7-13(-17)-foliolate +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br />) +
4 cm40 mm <br />0.04 m <br /> (10 cm100 mm <br />0.1 m <br />) +
not auriculate +  and cuneate +
appendaged +  and unappendaged +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
compound +  and trifoliolate +
lobed +, 1-3-pinnatisect +, toothed +  and entire +
linear;oblong oblanceolate +
much smaller +  and reduced +
0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br /> (0.7 cm7 mm <br />0.007 m <br />) +
urceolate +, campanulate +  and tubular +
branched +  and simple +
petiolate +  and (5-)9-15(-17)-foliolate +
well-developed +
distinct +
differentiated +
emarginate +  and entire +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.) +, N.W.T. +, Ont. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +  and Eurasia +
0-1500 m +
straight +  and curved +
not winged +  and unappendaged +
connate +  and distinct +
0.14 cm1.4 mm <br />0.0014 m <br /> (0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br />) +
actinomorphic +
not basally +  and saccate +
lilac;purple;lilac;purple;pink;white +
ascending +, spreading +  and erect +
oblanceolate +, spatulate +, obovate +, oblong +  and ovate +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br /> (2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br />) +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (2 cm20 mm <br />0.02 m <br />) +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
latiseptate +  and sessile +
torulose +, lanceolate +, oblong +  and linear +
Roadsides, stream banks, rocky crests and outcrops, crevices of granitic bedrock, dry woods, glades, fallow fields, disturbed ground, limestone barrens, marsh and swamp margins, floodplains, waste ground, slopes, ledges, cliffs, meadows +
semiannular +  and annular +
compound +, pinnately +, trifoliolate +  and simple +
alternate +, not +  and rosulate +
basal +  and cauline +
sessile +  and petiolulate +
1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br /> (1.6 cm16 mm <br />0.016 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
connate +  and distinct +
decurrent +
1-3-toothed;lobed;3(-5)-toothed;entire +
tenuinucellate +, crassinucellate +  and bitegmic +
campylotropous +  and anatropous +
0.25 cm2.5 mm <br />0.0025 m <br /> (0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br />) +
0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
1.8mm;2.5mm +
rudimentary +
oblanceolate +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.08 cm0.8 mm <br />8.0e-4 m <br />) +
2.5 cm25 mm <br />0.025 m <br /> (4.5 cm45 mm <br />0.045 m <br />) +
0.3 cm3 mm <br />0.003 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
Flowering Mar–Jun. +
trinucleate +  and 3(-11)-colpate +
Syst. Nat. ed. +
stout +  and slender +
0.4 cm4 mm <br />0.004 m <br /> (1 cm10 mm <br />0.01 m <br />) +
flattened +
not +  and mucilaginous +
winged +  and margined +
uniseriate +  and biseriate +
not +  and mucilaginous +
pale-brown +
0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br /> (0.09 cm0.9 mm <br />9.0e-4 m <br />) +
oblong-ovoid +
0.04 cm0.4 mm <br />4.0e-4 m <br /> (0.06 cm0.6 mm <br />6.0e-4 m <br />) +
0.15 cm1.5 mm <br />0.0015 m <br /> (0.2 cm2 mm <br />0.002 m <br />) +
persistent +  and caducous +
distinct +
erect +  and spreading or ascending +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.05 cm0.5 mm <br />5.0e-4 m <br />) +
reduced +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
latiseptate +  and unsegmented +
angustiseptate +, 4-angled +  and terete +
Weedy +  and Illustrated +
tetradynamous +
procumbent +  and decumbent +
prostrate +  and decumbent +
2-lobed +, entire +, conical +  and capitate +
subsessile +, sessile +  and petiolate +
0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br /> (0.1 cm1 mm <br />0.001 m <br />) +
persistent +
distinct +
0.03 cm0.3 mm <br />3.0e-4 m <br /> (0.07 cm0.7 mm <br />7.0e-4 m <br />) +
Cardamine arenicola +, Cardamine flexuosa var. gracilis +  and Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola +
Cardamine parviflora +
Cardamine +
species +
scale-like +  and forked +
pubescent +, , +  and glabrous +
anastomosing +
glabrous or +  and sparsely densely pubescent +
rhizomatous +, taprooted +, scapose +  and not +
perennial +, biennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
aquatics +  and terrestrial +
glabrous +  and pubescent +